<>seldom use []explain () related ~diverge
# Pronounce
# Correction
di Si Su M n r
- th thr tr Throw threw through /θru/- Though Throughput through throw thorough thorn thong throne https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GDwlkidXYtc https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Yx1crUwT10A
- 结尾或中间 L R M N L: milk R: four for fore
3.ə "ʌ", "æ" and "α" https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1UCRonoyFpw
华人英语发音最常见的10个错误 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8SdYhInBGuY
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Cf4o-FKEwNA
http://www.pronouncekiwi.com Q&A: How to pronounce GHOSTS, ASKS, GUESTS https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tQKM27s-dac strong sounds: S N L weak: d t th How to Pronounce "ʌ", "æ" and "α" https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9rIpvlXddl8 hot hat hut Training words: Accurate enthusiastic Execute legitimate matriculation Measuring Effectiveness Corollary Illustrate Deviation Appropriate Alternative convergence thresholds throttle Surveillance Cohesive cohesion Encapsulation Velocity Accuracy Adequacy Alleged Adhere explicitly tertiary facet packet plagiarism algorithm Sophisticated monolith Anxious Physiology Interior Acronym Negligible Negligent fraudulent malicious Amateur angel Succinctly pedestrian Encyclopedia Psychology Technology epiphany Liaison Pragmatism longitudinal horizontal substract lieu kiosk Collision rigorous analogous Leisure Exponentially applicability enthusiasm Vacuum
# 容易读错 a-z
a accurate ˈækjərət adhere [ədˈhɪə(r)] aerial [ˈeəriəl] allied [ˈælaɪd] analog ['ænəlɔ:g] anatomy əˈnætəmi 解剖 antenna ænˈtenə aroma əˈrəʊmə automatically atomically marathon [ˈmærəθən] wander wonder transit ˈtrænzɪt italic [ɪˈtælɪk] italy ['ɪtəlɪ] liaise [liˈeɪz] liaison penalty [ˈpenəlti] proprietary [prəˈpraɪətri] civilian [səˈvɪliən] voyage [ˈvɔɪɪdʒ] clause referral [rɪˈfɜ:rəl] triangle [ˈtraɪæŋgl] maternity [məˈtɜ:nəti] gauge [ɡeɪdʒ] garage [ˈgærɑ:ʒ] rational [ˈræʃnəl] rationale [ˌræʃəˈnɑ:l] c facade mechanism ch chef ʃef chief Achilles əˈkili:z d procedure e adequate [ˈædɪkwət] calendar [ˈkælɪndə(r)] desert dessert emulator [ˈemjuleɪtə(r)] elegant execute [ˈeksɪkju:t] exercise extract excuse [ɪkˈskju:s] expenditure error -> erroneous [ɪˈrəʊniəs] wallet booklet bullet obsolete direct demonstrate necessitating deviation [ˌdi:viˈeɪʃn] entrepreneur [ˌɒntrəprəˈnɜ:(r)] concierge ˈkɒnsieəʒ genetic [dʒiˈnetik] interior [ɪnˈtɪəriə(r)] refugees resilient [rɪˈzɪliənt] semister [sɪˈmestə(r)] series ˈsɪəri:z serious ˈsɪəriəs desert dessert g legacy hygiene [ˈhaɪdʒi:n] garage [ˈgærɑ:ʒ] plagiarism [ˈpleɪdʒərɪzəm] h hypnotize [ˈhɪpnətaɪz] hygiene i civilian [səˈvɪliən] crisis [ˈkraɪsɪs] definite [ˈdefɪnət] dialect ˈdaɪəlekt drive -> driven itinerary [aɪˈtɪnərəri] naive [naɪˈi:v] prioritize praɪˈɒrətaɪz privilege [ˈprɪvəlɪdʒ] reimburse [ˌri:ɪmˈbɜ:s] recipe [ˈresəpi] valentine o cork cock history [ˈhɪstri] repository [rɪˈpɒzətri] mandatory oven [ˈʌvn] horizontal tutor [ˈtju:tə(r)] constituent monopoly 英[məˈnɒpəli] secondment sɪ'kɒndmən second ˈsekənd p ph peripheral [pəˈrɪfərəl] phonetic fəˈnetɪk monophyletic ˌmɒnəʊfaɪ'letɪk monophony mə'nɒfənɪ s visual ˈvɪʒuəl vision ˈvɪʒn supervision issue/tissue closure exposure measure conclusion kənˈklu:ʒn recursion rɪˈkɜ:ʃn scissor asia asian occasion impression s after voiced-unvoiced phonetic t mortgage( house loan) statue [ˈstætʃu:] ratio tertiary [ˈtɜ:ʃəri] fortune [ˈfɔ:tʃu:n] mature [məˈtʃʊə(r)] manufacture [ˌmænjuˈfæktʃə(r)] u suit / suite recruit circuit [ˈsɜ:kɪt] plumber x axis[ˈæksɪs]
# 重读意思大不同
execute vowel元音 http://www.hjenglish.com/zimu/yuanyinzimu/ 元音发音( a/an) vs 元音字母 voiced-unvoiced th r(in middle of words)
access assess appendix appendices asset assert devise device dialing darling Expend VS Expand invade evade legal legislative metrics matrix pass parse [pɑ:z] pushy pussy ××××× peanuts pennis pennises serial severe sketch scratch then than thin thing therapy say says month moths months cloth clothes
# 同音不同词
cycle circle salary celery serial cereal madder matter partial parcel inquiry enquiry plane plain [pleɪn] chilly chilli prosecute 起诉prostitute妓女 persecute ˈpɜ:sɪkju:t （尤指宗教或政治信仰的） 迫害; 烦扰，困扰; 强求，死缠着要; toe tow trunk chunk old owed
# 误读
tusk [tʌsk] task [tɑ:sk] substantial səbˈstænʃl hazardous ˈhæzədəs 冒险的; 有危险的; 碰运气的 lever ˈli:və(r) tenancy ˈtenənsi 租期; 租用，租赁; 租屋; tendency ˈtendənsi 倾向，趋势; （话或作品等的） 旨趣，意向; 性情; 癖好; tuple tʌpl designate [ˈdezɪgneɪt] numeric [nju:'merɪk] pseudo router
English: How to Pronounce T and D consonants: American Accent https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AzZswz8na5c
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T7SWETadMn0&ebc=ANyPxKqORRMBUUh6lUvhuOcOUUasSpHy_E-F1n7njnFEbvIFcUbvWmWDCGRkc4cdV2w8EJjT2Ct7-x-9GMMtmsgFDd88jd7xNg
# Spelling
sincierity sincerely susceptible suspectable complementary complimentary
achieve&archive automatization (错误automization) adopt&adapt assess & access acquaint(acquaintance) & acquire(acquisition 收购; 获得; 购置物; 获得物) bot bolt exercise excise causal casual complaint compliant complementary 补充补足 complimentary 恭维的 赠送的 赞美 conversion 转换 & convertion 规范& convention 会议 constitute 构成 constituent成分选民 condo condom（套套） censor 检察官 检查员 elusive exclusive exercise excise gum glue idiot 白痴 idiom 成语 simulate & stimulate parallel paralyze ['pærəlaɪz] 使瘫痪，使麻痹;使不能正常活动 perceptive perspective prompt promote infinite [ˈɪnfɪnət] & infinitive [ɪnˈfɪnətɪv] https://www.quora.com/What-is-the-difference-between-infinite-and-infinitive latter later litter vs litre principle principal populate popular cubic cubicle magnet magnifier mechanism merchant neural [ˈnjʊərəl] neutral evolution revolution Inherit Inherent faculty facility erroneous anonymous synonymous onymous numerous synchronous advantageous semen sperm spear 矛 sphere 球体 synchronous <-> asynchronous synchronize <-> desynchronize Stationary stationery substantially sustainability supper super optimal optical optimism optimistic simultaneous simulate criteria tongue tough pronounce pronunciation processor promote prompt: System prompts for password. neutral 对比 chef cheif free complementary Infinite vs Infinitive Multiplicity vs Cardinality asset assert allege allergy conservation conversation master maester scam(scamp) spam hash 弄乱 搞砸 harsh 刺耳的;残酷的 hissing
# Conjunction
whlist 同时; 时时，有时; 当…的时候; <英>同“while”; both either neither http://www.grammar.cl/english/both-either-neither.htm wherein adv. 其中; 在那里，在哪方面; conj. 在哪一点上; 在什么地方; whatsoever pron. 任何; 无论什么; therefore thereby https://english.stackexchange.com/questions/148009/thereby-vs-therefore
# 数量词
不可数数量词 https://www.facebook.com/permalink.php?story_fbid=1661131650833479&id=1487230268223619
# Verb&Preposition
Verb
# Verb transitive Verb Intransitive
Intransitive verbs can be followed by a prepositional phrase or an adverb to add to the thought being expressed
# modal verbs
can may must should ought to
# causative verb使役动词
interest bore ing&ed format http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_6e87738d0100n1g4.html （注意和被动语态分别 比如 familiarize be familiarized with ） have make let
# Common used verbs
ascertain ˌæsəˈteɪn弄清，确定，查明 abstain əbˈsteɪn弃权; 避免; 戒（尤指酒），戒除; accomodate accrue [əˈkru:] 增加; 获得; （通过自然增长） 产生; （使钱款、债务） 积累 adjudicate əˈdʒu:dɪkeɪt 判决，宣判; 当…的评判员（或裁判员、仲裁人）; aggregate / group: It's recommended to group CRUD functionality as one use case. allot 分配 拨给 annoy apportion The desire to apportion blame and seek retribution after disaster strikes is human. assemble - The business case assembles data and analysis to develop viable alternatives to solve a problem. attain 实现 获得 obtain retain 保持 记住 Attain a basis understanding of *** acquire acquisition acquaint acquaintance adopt annoy bother arbitrate 仲裁 articulate 清楚的讲话 以关节连接 verbalize 用语言表达 赘述 assess 评定 评估 assign to assign for : Stereotypes can be assigned for the objects or a class. aspire 渴望，立志，追求; 〈诗，古〉登，升，高耸 advocate 鼓吹 倡议 （provocate non-standard format of provoke, no such word! ） provoke 激怒 revoke 撤销 augment 增强 barter 作物物交换，以货换货; 拿…进行易货贸易; beware be aware http://english.stackexchange.com/questions/160651/what-is-the-difference-between-beware-and-be-aware beacon 照亮，指引; 为…设置信标; 用灯指 bully 欺负 bloat 使膨胀; 使肿起; 使自大; 腌熏（鱼） bash 撞坏 boast bombard 炮击，轰炸 one of the student always bombard the teacher with a question and prevent others from asking quesiton. bulldoze [ˈbʊldəʊz] 铲平; 强迫（某人做某事）(-sb +into doing sth); （用推土机） 推倒; （使） 强行通过; cease our journeys will cease to exist 我们的旅程不复存在 chipper chop Cheap oil prices chop jobs by thousands http://www.usatoday.com/story/money/business/2015/03/31/oil-job-cuts/70683670/ choke 噎住 窒息 capture calibrate 校准 collate 核对校对 cease to do 和cease doing 意思都是“同一件事情停止下来”,区别在于前者是一种自然而然的变化,而后表示主观控制的结果 coalesce ˌkəʊəˈles 联合，合并; collude 密谋，共谋 collaborate incorporate coincide 重合 暗合: Composition is a stronger form of aggregation in which the lifetime of the two elements coincide with each other. compact 压紧 压实 compel 强迫 comply 顺从 complain compile 编译 编辑 compensate complement 补足 补充 补助 compose 创作 orchestrate 编排 compromise 妥协 危害 comprise incorporate consist compose collection constitute An automated world comprising the software equivalents of the real world objects. The whole object is constructed from other part objects, for example:An object is physically composed of another objects. An object is a logical collection of other objects. concatenate 联系起来 conduct confer 授予，颁与; 比较，对照 consent 同意 consolidate contaminate 污染 弄脏 contemplate 深思熟虑 convey 传达 表达 ( vs convince https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/convey-vs-convince-secret-getting-paid-dawnna-st-louis) convene a meeting confine 限制 congregate segregate converge 聚合 集中汇聚 <=> diverge: If a use case has too many abstract use cases, converge them in global use case view diagram and explode them in separate use case diagrams. cope with stress corroborate kəˈrɒbəreɪt证实，支持（某种说法、信仰、理论等）; 使（信仰等）坚定; 使巩固，使加强 crystallize 结晶 craft he crafted the chair lovingly crunch 嘎吱嘎吱地咀嚼 crush 挤压 creep 爬行 蔓延(scope creep) creep up to the room 蹑手蹑脚 crawl 爬行 卑躬屈膝 coach and teach dabble 涉猎 demolish 拆毁 derive 导出 派生 duplicate replicate https://languagetips.wordpress.com/2014/04/03/weekly-language-usage-tips-duplicate-or-replicate/ http://dba.stackexchange.com/questions/1587/database-duplication-vs-database-replication data deduplication Data deduplication (often called "intelligent compression" or "single-instance storage") is a method of reducing storage needs by eliminating redundant data. Only one unique instance of the data is actually retained on storage media, such as disk or tape. dump A database dump contains a record of the table structure and/or the data from a database and is usually in the form of a list of SQL statements. A database dump is most often used for backing up a database so that its contents can be restored in the event of data loss. Corrupted databases can often be recovered by analysis of the dump. Database dumps are often published by free software and free content projects, to allow reuse or forking of the database. combat 试图解决 conflate 合并 混合 contain contain risk crept 爬行 crunch data crunching cruise 巡航 漫游 curse 诅咒 defer delay postpone latency lag defray 支付 defy 蔑视; 公然反抗; 不服从; 向…挑战 derail dɪˈreɪl 使（火车）出轨，使脱轨; devastate 毁灭; 破坏; 蹂躏; 使荒废 devolve 移交; 转移; 交给下属（或下层、晚辈等）; 衰落 devolve decision making dispense disjoint （使） 脱节，（使）解体，（使）脱臼; dissect 解剖; 仔细分析 disseminate 散播 传布 disburse支付分配 disgruntle 使 不高兴 dismantle 拆卸; 拆开; 废除; 取消; diverge 分岔 diversify differentiate deem 认为 debrief 汇报情况 delve into 钻研 深究 dig into / dive deep into / get you to a deeper level of understanding delineate 描绘 devise 设计 deviate 偏离 deserve debate designate 指定 表明 选派 dispatch 快递 派遣 deter 阻止，制止; 使不敢; 使踌躇 deteriorate 使。。恶化
diminish （使） 减少，缩小; 减弱…的权势; [乐] 减半音 dip 浸 蘸 dissolve 溶解 消除 (~resolve) dissipate 驱散 挥霍 discharge 排出 释放 dispute distract dither 犹豫不决; 发抖，颤抖 dictate 规定 He cannot be allowed to dictate what can and cannot be inspected dread 惧怕 担心 elicit 引出 诱出 elaborate 精心制作 enlist 征募; 赢得…的支持或合作; 赞助 envision 预见想象 anticipate envisage 想像，设想; 正视，面对; 观察，展望 encompass escalate 升级 emit 排放 emission eject 弹出 enforce engage enact entail 需要; 牵涉; 使必要; 限定继承 entertain Please note that due to overwhelming registrations for the *** elective, we will NOT be able to entertain any additional students.Kindly refrain from attending and requesting us for equipment if you have not registered for the elective. expedite 加速 exacerbate 激怒 加重 endorse evade 逃避 躲避 eliminate elapse emanate 散发 发出 : There may be multiple exchanges between an actor an a use case. Only one communication association is shown.Since the exchanges are initiated by one of the parties, the arrow emanates from the initiating party. enumerate Enumerate the goals of the system or enumerate the business activities that occur as part of the system. embody体现 包含 “NUS champions the vision that there should be no walls around minds, no walls to ideas, no walls to talents and no walls between discovery. Such a no-walls culture embodies the creative, enterprising, open and inclusive spirit of Singapore, an important factor contributing to the success of NUS and Singapore.” The people's rights are embodied in the laws. The fundamental organization of a system embodied in its components, their relationships to each other, and to the environment, and the principles guiding its design and evolution. empower erode ɪˈrəʊd 侵蚀，腐蚀 esteem 尊敬，敬重; 认为，以为; 考虑; 估价 exhibit inhibit: If the classes do not exhibit 'is-a' relationship, use association/aggregation instead to delegate/forward the call to the original class. estimate guesstimate Estimate = speculation based on data or past performance or observation Guesstimate = Wild-ass shot in the dark, based on a gut feeling or intuition exacerbate ɪgˈzæsəbeɪt 激怒; 使恶化; 使加重 extrapolate （由已知资料对未知事实或价值） 推算，推断 eavesdrop 偷听（别人的谈话） fabricate 编造 虚构 flatter fluctuate 波动 起伏 forfeit （因违反协议、犯规、受罚等） 丧失，失去; foster facilitate (facilitate and promote) An important factor of the development of socialist culture is to inherit and promote the excellence of Chinese culture as well as the fine cultures in the world. 继承和发扬中华民族优秀文化与一切世界的文明成果是发展社会主义文化的重要条件，创新是保持社会主义文化具有先进属性的重要基石。 Mediator promotes loose coupling by keeping objects from referring to each other explicitly, and it lets you vary their interaction independently. furnish 陈设，布置; 提供，供应; 装修（房屋）do furnish me with your contact so that i can touch base to discuss. gauge grope grind 研磨 With care, compassion, and only occasionally grinding teeth, our mothers teach us so, so much. From how to make a grilled cheese sandwich to how to dress without embarrassing ourselves (and others) to how to care for others ourselves, we owe dear old mom a lot. grill roast 烤 hamper 束缚 harness 给（马等）套轭具; 控制利用 hazard 冒险; 使遭受危险 hatch hætʃ 秘密策划，（尤指）密谋; 使（小鸟、小鱼、小虫等）孵出 hike fare hike hinder ˈhɪndə(r) 阻碍，妨碍; 成为阻碍 hinge 绞链链接 hydrate 水合 dehydrate 使脱水 hydrolysis 水解 hype 炒作 media hype - promote or publicize (a product or idea) intensively, often exaggerating its importance or benefits. imperil impair inform notify alert: The extension use case inserts its course without altering the course of the base use case. instill 灌輸 We hope to instill in you, some new insights and throw new light into how to build well designed software systems. interpret intrigue 以谋略达成 激起好奇心 irritate ~piss off interfere affect affect vs effect vs impact vs influence http://www.mit.edu/course/21/21.guide/affect.htm http://www.quickanddirtytips.com/education/grammar/affect-versus-effect http://english.stackexchange.com/questions/195415/different-between-effect-and-impact infect vs infest http://grammarist.com/usage/infect-infest/ infer deduce imply ? http://forum.wordreference.com/threads/to-infer-to-deduce-to-imply-a-conclusion.770273/ implicate imply inflate使膨胀 impose 强加 Limitations imposed by technology imprison 羁押 束缚 intersect vt. 横断，横切，横穿;vt. （指线条、道路等） 相交，交叉 intrude intercept 截击 拦阻 incept indent 切割…使呈锯齿状; 缩进排版 induce 引起 引诱 infect 传染 inject 注射 注入 inhale vs ingest (inhalation vs ingestion) https://www.leafly.com/news/cannabis-101/ingest-or-inhale-5-differences-between-marijuana-edibles-and-flow illustrate indicate vs denote vs annotate http://the-difference-between.com/annotation/denotation intimidate 恐吓 威胁 isolate: Isolates application from the computing platform making it portable across multiple OS platform. latch 闩上; 用碰锁锁上（门等）; 抓住，占有 leap lease 出租 租借 leverage the power of *** http://blog.accepted.com/good-grammar-essay-flow/ liquidate 清算 清偿 lurk marshall 安排; 引领; 统帅; marshal 整理，排列，集结 mimic 摹拟; 模仿，学样; [生] 拟形，拟色 Make sure it mimics the real usage pattern for accurate result mitigate 减轻 migrate 迁移 moderate 使和缓 节制 manifest 显示 证实 表露 These solutions are manifested as architectures and can include systems, applications and process components monopolize 垄断 mold 塑造; 浇铸; 用模子做; 用泥土覆盖 necessitating 使。。成为必要 nurture 养育 培育 obfuscate ˈɒbfʌskeɪt 使模糊，使混乱; 使糊涂 opine 认为 ordain 任命 判定 orientate 确定方向 overwhelm You will not be overwhelmed by details obsolete vs deprecate http://english.stackexchange.com/questions/87887/what-is-the-difference-between-obsolete-and-deprecate-in-computer-science overlap overlay outweigh 超过 However, React Native is sufficiently mature that the benefits outweigh these drawbacks. partition 分割 vs delimit 定界线： Use case assist in system delimitation. pave 铺设; 为…铺平道路; 安排; peg 固定 限制 钉木桩 Project Management KPIs are pegged to the schedule, scope and cost. pegged 用夹子或钉子固定( peg的过去式和过去分词 ); 使固定在某水平; 跟。。挂钩 penetrate 渗透 看穿 perceive 理解 意识到 察觉 发觉 vs understading http://www.bayt.com/en/specialties/q/98004/what-is-the-difference-between-understanding-and-perception/ vs sense pinch 捏 poll 得到（一定数目的）选票; 对…进行调查; 修剪; 修剪 posit 假定，设想，假设 precede 在..之前 先于 precipitate 促成 使。。沉淀 predominate 占支配地位; （数量上） 占优势 propagate 繁殖 增殖 传播 传送 propound 提出 提议 prohibit 禁止 妨碍 proliferate 扩散; 激增; 增生，增殖 it continues to proliferate at an astounding rate. procure propel 推进 驱动 propose proposition provision 规定，条项，条款; 预备，准备，设备; 供应，（一批）供应品; 生活物质，储备物资 Predicting future needs and provision the resources just before they are needed prose 用散文写，把…改写成散文; 平淡无趣地写; 啰啰唆唆地讲 protrude使突出; 使伸出; pun 说双关语 purge execute script to purge the tables if necessary prune pru:n 删除; 减少; rattle 迅速而嘎嘎作响地移动，堕下或走动 使紧张，使恐惧; 给（桅索）扎梯绳 raise: A DVD retailer has integrated his sales system with his inventory system, such that for every item sold the quantity is automatically deducted from the stock. Upon a certain threshold, an order for a predefined quantity is raised to the relevant DVD supplier. Raise, (create make) raise a pull request, raise a ticket rake 耙; 梳理; 扫视; 搜寻; raid 袭击 resonate 共鸣或共振; 回响 resolve resort : Usually used as a last resort. resort vi. 求助于或诉诸某事物，采取某手段或方法应急或作为对策;n. 求助，凭借，诉诸; 热闹场所，娱乐场，度假胜地; 常去; 采用的办法，求助[凭借]的对象; retard 使减速，妨碍，阻止，推迟 rotate vs spin vs revolve vs roll rinse 冲洗 reconcile 使和好，使和解; 调停，排解（争端等）; [宗] 使（场所等）洁净; [船] 使（木板）接缝平滑; recount 讲述 重算 rectify 矫正 校正 reel 卷 绕 relay 转播，传达; 用驿马递送，使接替; 分程传递; retrench 减少开支 trench entrench 牢固的确立 用战壕保护 reveal 揭示 reimburse 偿还 报销 recall review recapture retrospect reflect repudiate rɪˈpju:dieɪt 拒绝接受; （正式地） 否认; 拒绝与…往来; 拒不履行（法律义务 replenish 补充; 重新装满; 把…装满; 〈古〉使牲口[人和动物]众多; reside litter repeat repetition http://english.stackexchange.com/questions/155388/repeat-vs-repetition-are-they-exactly-the-same reinforce Class workshops will be used to reinforce the lecture concepts. refrain 抑制 避免 We would like to remind all graduate students to refrain from using classrooms outside your designated class hours.Please do not enter into a classroom when there are lessons on-going. If you have signed up for the GIRO deduction scheme, kindly refrain from making payment via any other modes of payment prior to the payment due date so as to avoid any potential double-deduction of fees. rip off sanitize 净化消毒 savvy 知道了解 signify 意味; 预示; 表示…的意思 To signify that the customer has been successfully created, an appropritate message will be displayed in a Message Box. sit sit in（旁听） Candidates must then sit computer-based multiple-choice examination to assess and measure project management knowledge. suppose presume assume http://english.stackexchange.com/questions/396/what-are-the-differences-between-assume-presume-and-suppose scatter 使散开 scramble [ˈskræmbl] 攀登，爬; 争夺，抢夺; （植物） 蔓延; [航] 紧急起飞 screw up / mess up /spoil 搞砸 scrap 报废; 废弃; 取消; 抛弃 skim 略读; 撇去; 使掠过; （为逃税而）隐瞒（部分收入） ; snoop 探听，窥探，管闲事 siphon 'saɪfn 用虹吸管吸（或输送）（液体） sniff 嗅探 slump 大幅度下降，暴跌; 沉重或突然地落下[倒下] solicit 寻求 solidify 使凝固，固化; 使结晶; 使团结; spill 溢出; 泼出; 涌出; 蜂拥而出; spit 吐，吐出 spawn 大量产卵 specify 详细说明 阐述 spike 加烈酒于; 以大钉钉牢; 用尖物刺伤; 打乱某人的计划 spool 把…绕在卷轴上; 缠绕; spin 旋转 疾驰 spew 喷涌 If there is one web trend that is seemingly unending, it is the trend of the Internet to spew forth new words and phrases every year. From portals to blogs to widgets to mashups to Web 2.0, the Internet has a knack for lighting these words on fire. And the worst part is that sometimes the word lacks any true definition that everyone can agree on. spun 使旋转 杜撰 急转身spun off 剥离 squash skwɒʃ 挤进; 将（某人[某物]）压扁; 使沉默; 平定（叛乱等）; stem 阻止; 遏制[阻止]（液体的流动等）; 封堵; 遏止 strain 拉紧 strive strike stun 使震惊/目瞪口呆/昏迷 substantiate用事实支持（某主张、说法等），证实; 使具体（实体）化 suppress 阻止 No drug could suppress his cough. She was struggling to suppress her sobs. Where applicable, ensure that the detection systems (such as gas detection systems) and fire suppression systems are functioning optimally. supersede 取代 废弃Will factory workers be entirely superseded by machines one day? subvert səbˈvɜ:t 破坏; 颠覆，推翻; 搅乱人心; 败坏风化; strain sanitize 清理 VS sterilize http://homebrew.stackexchange.com/questions/180/what-is-the-difference-between-clean-sanitized-and-sterilized speculate推测 spur 鞭策; 策（马）前进; （尤指用马刺） 策（马）加速 steer stipulate 规定 讲明 stride 跨 soak 浸泡 润湿 sustain 维持; 供养; 支撑，支持; 遭受，忍受 swipe重击 刮刷 swap Swap Adjacent Gems to Make Sets/Matches of Three sway sweep 扫除; 打扫，清理; 彻底搜索; 掠过; seek for license key stagnate 停滞，不流动，不发展; 变萧条 suffice səˈfaɪs 满足…的需要;使满足 足够; 有能力 tailor In My Account, the Ads Personalisation setting currently allows Google to use data in your account to tailor ads that appear in Google products. With this change, this setting will also allow Google to use data in your account to tailor ads on websites and apps that partner with Google. tamper 篡改 tap:Reboot the computer and immediately begin tapping F12. This should bring up the one-time boot menu. Once there, you should see an option that says "Diagnostics Partition" or something similar. Click that and it should launch into what is called Pre-Boot System Assessment (PSA) which will run a hardware check on your computer and report any errors found on the system. Design patterns are wealth of experience ready to be tapped, leverage on them. tantalize 逗弄 引诱 折磨 使...干着急 thrive throttle ˈθrɒtl 扼杀，压制; 勒死，使窒息; 使节流; （用节汽阀等） 调节; transact trænˈzækt 交易，谈判; tweak 拧 扭 transcend 超越的 tackle transact transit transpose troll （使） 旋转; 合唱中的轮唱; 放声高唱; 钓（鱼）; tie/tying 系 打结 tow 牵引 拖拉 transpose 移位 变换 upsize(<>downsize/streamline) http://www.tigerair.com/sg/en/luggage_upsize.php?s=1 undermine 逐渐削弱; 使逐步减少效力; 从根基处破坏; 挖…的墙脚; unveil 揭露; 揭去…的面罩; 拉开…的帷幔; 使公之于众 vet 检查; 审查（某人过去的记录、资格等）; 诊疗 violate visualize weave 编织 组合 wean 使断奶; 使断念 yield 生产 获利 屈服 Use Case, a description of a set of sequences of actions including variants, that a system performs that yield an observable result of value to the actor. 预约/预订 make appointment advance subscribe(订阅) adj to verb ××ize: normalize formalize familiarize localize capitalize ： normalize to one base crystallize 明确; 使结晶; 使成形，使具体化; 包糖，涂糖霜; familiarize fomarlize nomarlize stablize modularize monetize 比较级 过去式过去分词 Irregular Simple Past and Past Participle Verb Forms http://www.myenglishteacher.net/irregular_verbs.html
PREPOSITION
at or in mcdonald's intransitive preposition, VERB-PREPOSITION COMBINATIONS consent to subject to pursuant to 依照，按照，依据; commit to the same mistake （犯）
Common used
roll back pull over change over cut across to the extent that "To me" vs. "For me" http://english.stackexchange.com/questions/3098/expressing-an-opinion-to-me-or-for-me on of at/in at school workplace office home go to (the) towards The written exam paper at the end of the course contributes 70% towards your final assessment. at in on 地点 时间 http://www.zybang.com/question/42a3219636fccdac61cb0d6e54b9d0dd.html https://tw.answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20110817000015KK11854 Locators in Time and Place: http://grammar.ccc.commnet.edu/grammar/prepositions.htm Twitter is fast at adapting to those changes with its quick pivots. Discuss the key issues that must be considered in achieving it. Needs for the development methodology and good understanding of fundamental concepts of OO involves achieving best practices through leveraging on the fundamental concepts of OO. of for from In general,the parts are inseparable from the whole next Monday就相当于时间状语,不需要再加on,这是习惯用法.只有today，next Monday，next week等时间副词或者时间词组可以省略on. aim at /aim to drop into mailbox in response to the request, he **** (respond) conform to comply with adhere to abide with http://www.italki.com/question/177344 sign off 结束 签订 switch off turn off kick off over the years absent from , absence of think of , think about it, think over it get off work get off bus out there right away come along fit for have confidence to do sth / in sb purpose of purpose for http://english.stackexchange.com/questions/6969/the-purpose-of-versus-the-purpose-for-which-one-is-proper from to vs from until http://ask.metafilter.com/54660/Fromuntil-or-Fromto line up look after hedge against对冲 year over year 年比 drawer by drawer 一个一个的翻抽屉 outflow 流出 overflow 溢出 overdue 过期的 未兑的 fallout 原子尘的降下，余波，附带结果 among amongst http://grammarist.com/usage/among-amongst/ keep to the budget lay down lay off push through an unpopular change mash-ups 混搭 blend into 融入 factor out 提出因子 pass along in the long run to closure cut through 穿过 挤进 cut across 抄近道 涉及 opt in 决定参加 opt out chop up drop off drown out cut off : blog.gotomeeting.co.uk/2015/05/08/13-of-the-most-annoying-web-conferencing-phrases.html by rotation cum 及; 和; 与; <拉>连同 passion for in about? https://ell.stackexchange.com/questions/62659/shall-i-use-pursue-my-passion-for-or-in infra 在下，以下，下文
# Nouns
Individual Name nouns agnostic 不可知论者 apprentice əˈprentɪs 学徒，徒弟; 新手 ancillary ænˈsɪləri 助手，随从 auditor auditee beliver change agent 变革者 reviewer reviewee inhibitor 抑制剂，抑制者; 抗老化剂 interviewer interviewee investee amateur 业余爱好者 adversary ˈædvəsəri 对手，敌手; 魔鬼; attendant backstop 增援; 守场员; 外场手; 守场员（接手）的位置; beneficiary 受益人 bounty （由政府提供的） 奖金，赏金; 慷慨，大方; 赠物，赠金 blurb 简介 推介广告 burger flipper carrier 运营商 dealer 经销商 reseller 代理商 distributor 分销商 contractor 契约人 承包商 coalition ˌkəʊəˈlɪʃn 联合; 同盟; 结合体; （两党或多党） 联合政府 cynic 愤世嫉俗者，讽世者; 犬儒学派的人 skeptic 怀疑论者; 怀疑者; 无神论者 deputy 代表；副手；议员 differentiator 区分者 微分器 disruptor 分裂者，破坏者; enabler 教唆者 启动程序 enforcer 执行者 executives 经理 行政领导 gurus 大师 权威 impostor impostor ɪm'pɒstə 冒名顶替者，骗子; instructor liaison 联络；私通 nonconformity 特立独行 plankton ˈplæŋktən 浮游生物 practitioner recipient responder recruiter technician terminator receptionist respondents受访者 rogue rəʊg 流氓，无赖; 调皮捣蛋的人人; 离群的野兽; signatory ˈsɪgnətri 签字人， 签约国 specialists superior supervisor surrogate ˈsʌrəgət captive 俘虏 迷恋者 arbiter 仲裁人 主宰者 arbitrator 仲裁人 moderator 调解人 facilitator 帮助者 推进者 referee [ˌrefəˈri:] 裁判员;证明人;公断人;（专业性强的文章的）审阅人 scribe 抄写员 spectator 观众，旁观者; surety 担保人 shill 雇用的骗子，“托” trusty trustee outlier actuator
# common nouns
acronym ˈækrənɪm 缩写词 acre [ˈeɪkə(r)] arbitrage [ˈɑ:bɪtrɑ:ʒ]仲裁; 套汇，套利 accreditation 委派，信赖，鉴定合格; adrenaline [ə'drenəlɪn] <生化>肾上腺素; <喻>刺激物; 激励因素; 一阵兴奋（或激动）; advent 出现; 到来; 基督降临节（圣诞节前的四个星期） altruism ˈæltruɪzəm 利他主义，无私; 爱他主义; 利人主义 affinity 密切关系，姻亲关系; （男女之间的） 吸引力，吸引人的异性; 类同; 类似，近似 allowance 限额; 折扣; 津贴，补贴，零用钱; 默许，默认; apostrophes əˈpɒstrəfi省略符号; 所有格符号; 撇号( apostrophe的名词复数 ); <语>呼语 apprasial analogy 类比 类似 anatomy 解剖，分解，分析; （详细的） 剖析; （生物体的） 解剖结构; 骨骼 antenna 天线（aerial） 触角 anitbiotic 抗生素 analogue ˈænəlɒg 相似物; 相似的情况，对应的人; <语>同源词 arena 竞技 表演场 arithmetic əˈrɪθmətɪk 算法; 算术，计算; aroma 香气 asteroid ˈæstərɔɪd attestation ˌæte'steɪʃən 证词 atomicity 原子数; 原子价; 原子化合力; 原子力 attrition 消耗; 摩擦; 消磨; （神学） 不彻底的忏悔; badge 徽章，像章，奖章; 象征，标记; [美国俚语] 警察 binder 活页封面；缚者 booth 售货棚，摊位; 公用电话亭; 隔开的小间; （选举） 投票站 bonnet [ˈbɒnɪt] 阀帽; 童帽; （苏格兰男子的） 无边帽; 烟囱罩，壁炉罩 boredom 厌倦; 讨厌，令人讨厌的事物; 无聊，无趣 bureaucracy 官僚主义; 官僚机构; 官僚政治 calibration 校准 canvas canary kəˈneəri 淡黄色; [动] 金丝雀; （十六世纪流行于法国及西班牙的） 加那利舞; 加那利白葡萄酒; Catalyst n. <化>触媒，催化剂; 〈比喻〉触发因素; 促进因素; 〈口〉有感染力的人 causality 因果关系 caveat 警告 censorship n. 审查制度; 审查机构; 审察员的职权; [心] 潜意识中的抑制力; communism ˈkɒmjunɪzəm 共产主义 commodity 日用品 compliancy - a disposition or tendency to yield to the will of others noncompliance - failure to act in accordance with a wish or command. conduit 导管; 水道，沟渠 confrontation 对抗; 对峙; 面对; 遭遇; Conglomerate kənˈglɒmərət 砾岩; 联合大企业; 合成物; 组合物; cone 圆锥体 cornerstones n. 基础; 奠基石( cornerstone的名词复数 ); 最重要部份; 柱石; containment 控制 遏制 consultancy 咨询公司 consistency 连贯 一致性 constellation 星座 一系列相关的事物 contention 争夺; 论点; 竞争，争论; contour [ˈkɒntʊə(r)] 外形，轮廓; （地图上表示相同海拔各点的） 等高线; 概要; 电路; counterpart 对应物 类似物 counterparty counterfeit 仿制品 伪造物 courtesy 承蒙 授权 courtesy of *** cushion ˈkʊʃn 垫子;（隔离两个表面的）垫;起保护（或缓冲）作用的事物;（台球等运动）（台球桌内侧边缘的）弹性衬里 cushion finiacle impact critique 评论文章，评论; 批评，批判 cylinder 汽缸; 圆筒，圆柱; （尤指用作容器的） 圆筒状物 cone 圆锥体; 球果; 圆锥形东西 debut 英['deɪbju:初次露面，初次表演，首次出场，处女秀; degradation 恶化; 堕落; 潦倒; 毁坏 cross-section 横断面 截面图 daemon 守护神; （希腊神话中） 半人半神的精灵; [计] 守护进程 demeanour 举止; 态度; <正>行为; 动作 demise 死亡; 让位; （不动产的） 转让; demarcation [ˌdi:mɑ:ˈkeɪʃn]划界，立界; （工会对哪个工作由哪个工会来做的） 分工; 定界 democracy 民主政治; 民主主义; 民主国家; 民众 denomination 面额 derivatives 导数; 衍生性金融商品; 派生物，引出物( derivative的名词复数 ) denial 克制; 否认，否定; 拒绝，拒绝接受 dictatorship ˌdɪkˈteɪtəʃɪp 独裁，专政; 独裁权; 执政者的职位（任期） dilemma [dɪˈlemə] 进退两难; 窘境，困境; dilution [daɪ'lju:ʃn] 稀释 directive 指令 discretion dɪˈskreʃn 慎重; 考虑周到; 判断力，辨别力; 自行决定的自由 dysfunction 机能障碍，机能失调 diskettes 磁盘 dissemination 散播，宣传; 浸染 escrow 由第三者保存附带条件委付盖印的契约 efficacy 功效; 效力; 效验; 生产率 epiphany 顿悟 a moment of sudden and great revelation or realization. epoch ˈi:pɒk 时期; 纪元; 世; 新时代 equity ˈekwəti 公平; 公道; 公正裁决; 公平合理（或公正）的事; entirety ɪnˈtaɪərəti 完全; 整体，全面; 作为一个整体 entropy ˈentrəpi 熵，平均信息量; 负熵; essence excretion [ɪk'skri:ʃn （动植物的） 排泄，排泄物 excretion boat evasion 逃避，规避，躲避某人; 遁辞，借口 eventuality <正>可能发生的事情（尤指坏事情）; 偶然性; 不测事件 eviction 逐出，赶出; （租地，租房等的） 收回 facet 小平面 方面 刻面 Faucet ˈfɔ:sɪt <美>水龙头; failover [电脑][数据库]失效备援 （为系统备援能力的一种，当系统中其中一项设备失效而无法运作时，另一项设备即可自动接手原失效系统所执行的工作）; flagship 旗舰; 〈比喻〉最重要的一个; 佼佼者; feat 功绩，伟业; 技艺表演; 卓绝的手艺，技术，本领; 武艺; fidelity loyalty fixation 固着 执迷 filler 填装物，填塞物; 填装者，填注者; （杂志等的） 补白; （报纸等的） 补白 forgery 伪造; 伪造罪; 伪造物; 伪造签字 footfall franchise ˈfræntʃaɪz 特许权; 选举权; 参政权; 经销权; friction 摩擦 frontier 边疆 尚未开发的 fudge 软糖 胡言 fungi 真菌 fuss 大惊小怪; 忙乱; 大惊小怪的人; 争吵; gauge ɡeɪdʒ 评估; 测量的标准或范围; 尺度，标准; 测量仪器; gamut 全范围 音阶 音域 glimpse 一瞥，一看; （古语） 闪光; 隐约的闪现; 模糊的感觉; glossary （书尾的） 词汇表，难词汇编 gown gaʊn长袍，长外衣; 女长服; 罩袍; 大学的学生和教师; mortar board grievance 抱怨 不满 hallmark 质量标记 hinge 铰链 关键 hip 臀部; [建筑学] 屋脊; 臀围（尺寸）; 臀部…的 homeostasis ˌhəʊmiəˈsteɪsɪs 动态平衡; 动态静止; （社会群体的） 自我平衡; 原状稳定 humidifier 增湿器，湿润器，湿度调节器 kiosk 亭子，凉亭; （车站、广场等处的） 书报摊，，公共电话亭; 小摊棚，售货亭 Leaderboard 选手积分榜 ideology ˌaɪdiˈɒlədʒi 意识形态; 思想（体系），思想意识; 观念学; 空想，空论; incubator 孵化器; （用于放置早产婴儿的） 恒温箱 induction 归纳法 感应 indices ˈɪndɪsi:z (index的复数) inflation 通货膨胀 infiltration 渗透; 入渗; 渗滤; 下渗 insulation ˌɪnsjuˈleɪʃn 绝缘; 隔声; 隔离，孤立; 绝缘或隔热的材料; instrumentation 使用仪器，装设仪器; 乐器法; 乐曲研究; 手段 intake ˈɪnteɪk 吸入，进气; （液体等） 进入口; 摄入，摄取; 纳入（数）量; intercept 截取 integrity 完整 interior内部的 内政 intimacy ˈɪntɪməsi 亲近亲密行为 intrusion 闯入; 打扰; （对某事的） 干扰; 干涉 irritation 刺激; 激怒，恼怒，生气; 兴奋; 令人恼火的事; jargon 行话; 行业术语; 黑话 jeopardy 危险; 危险境地; 被告在法庭上有被判罪的危险; latency 潜伏 延迟 lever ˈli:və(r) 杠杆; 操作杆; 工具 liquidity lɪˈkwɪdəti 流动性; 流动资金; 资产流动性; <财>资产折现力; mattress ˈmætrəs 床垫;褥垫;空气垫;[建]沉排 medallion məˈdæliən 大奖章，大勋章; （大奖章形的）圆形图案（饰物） maiden 处女; 未婚女子; 断头机; 未得分的投球 morality məˈræləti mezzanine ˈmezəni:n （尤指介于一层与二层之间的） 中层楼，（戏院中的）包厢; merit 价值，优点; [宗教] （行善得到的） 功德; 功绩，功勋; 荣誉 moat 壕沟，护城河; mortar [ˈmɔ:tə(r)] 砂浆; 迫击炮; 房产; 研钵; mockery ˈmɒkəri 笑柄; 嘲笑，愚弄; （拙劣的） 模仿; 徒劳; mint 薄荷; 铸币厂; nuance ˈnju:ɑ:ns 细微差别; 细微的表情; niche 壁龛; 合适的位置（工作等）; 有利可图的缺口，商机 norm 规范; 标准; 准则; （劳动） 定额 nostalgia nɒˈstældʒə 怀旧; 乡愁; 对往事的怀恋; 怀乡病 notion 观念 概念 notation 记号 注释 novice ˈnɒvɪs 初学者，新手; 新信徒; 尚未赢过大赛的赛马; obsession 着魔，萦绕; 使人痴迷的人（或物）; 摆脱不了的思想[情感等]; 妄想 octagon ˈɒktəgən 八边形，八角形 operand ˈɒpərænd 操作数; 运算数 organism ˈɔ:gənɪzəm 有机体; 生物体; 微生物; 有机体系，有机组织 palate ˈpælət 味觉，嗜好; 审美眼光，鉴赏力 paradigm 范例，样式，模范; 词形变化表 parallelism paralysis 瘫痪 parity 奇偶性; 平价，价值对等; 同等，平等 patchwork 缝补 混杂物 pebble 卵石; 水晶; 水晶透镜; 卵石花纹; pedestrain pəˈdestriən 行人; 步行者 pension 退休金 养老金 pillar 柱子 culture is a basic pillar of sustainable development http://www.thwink.org/sustain/glossary/ThreePillarsOfSustainability.htm pitfall plateaus 高原( plateau的名词复数 ); 平稳时期; 稳定状态; 停滞时期 pole 杆; [物] 极点，顶点; 地极; 两极端 portfolio possession pəˈzeʃn 有，所有，拥有; 领地; 财产，所有权，占有物，所有物; 持有违禁物 prowess ˈpraʊəs 英勇; 高超技艺; pragmatism 实用主义 prank præŋk 恶作剧 practicum['præktɪkəm]实习科目，实习课 precision prejudice [ˈpredʒudɪs] 侵害;成见，偏见，歧视;伤害 preamble 前言; 序; 绪言; （法令、文件等的） 序文 prerequisite 先决条件 prestige preˈsti:ʒ 声誉; 威信，威望，声望; （财势的） 显赫; 信望 probation [prəˈbeɪʃn]试用（期）; 缓刑（期）; 查看，查验; 试读（期） progression 进展 一系列 propensity 倾向，习性，癖好，偏爱; proposition: something, such as a plan or offer, that is presented to a person or group of people to consider proposal: something, such as a plan or suggestion, that is presented to a person or group of people to consider provision 供应； 条款 先见之明 provenance ˈprɒvənəns 起源，出处; propensity 倾向，习性，癖好，偏爱 pulp 使…化成纸浆; 除去…的果肉; 取出（咖啡豆的）果肉 quantum 定量 quiescence 静止 ratification ˌrætɪfɪ'keɪʃn 正式批准，认可; 承认 readiness 准备就绪 reciprocity 互惠; 相互作用; 相互性; 互给 realm 王国; 领域，范围; （学术的） 部门，界; （动植物分布的） 圈，带 remedy 补救办法; 治疗法; 纠正办法; （硬币的） 公差; regime reɪˈʒi:m 政治制度，政权，政体; 管理，方法; [医] 养生法; （病人等的） 生活规则 residence 住处，住宅; 居住时间，居住; 公馆; 驻地 retention 保留; 记忆力，保持力; 滞留，扣留; 闭尿 recession 经济衰退，不景气; 后退，撤退; 凹处; 退场 rigor 严密; 严格; 严酷; （由惊吓或中毒等导致的身体） 僵直 sanction 制裁 saturation [ˌsætʃəˈreɪʃn] 饱和度; （达到） 饱和状态; 浸透，浸润; 饱和剂; scaffolding scarcity [ˈskeəsəti]稀少; 不足，缺乏; 萧条 seam [si:m] 煤层; 线缝; 接缝，接合处; 裂缝; sensation 知觉 severity 严重 shell 壳 coconut shell shortfall 不足 saloon [səˈlu:n]大厅; 酒吧，酒馆; 展览场，公共大厅; 大轿车; silo 筒仓; （核武器的） 发射井; （危险物品的） 地下贮藏库; 青贮窖 sixth former 六年级 slang slæŋ 俚语; 黑话; spacer 间隔装置 spectrum 波谱 范围 spigot 栓 嘴 spoilage ˈspɔɪlɪdʒ 损耗; （食品等的） 腐败，损坏，毁坏; spontaneity ˌspɒntəˈneɪəti 自发性，自然发生; 自发行为[行动] spoofs 讽刺; 戏弄; 哄骗 sprayer 喷出水沫者，喷雾，喷雾器 stimulus 刺激物; 刺激因素; 激法物 subtleties sʌtltɪz 巧妙; 细微( subtlety的名词复数 ); 精细; 细微的差别等 strobe 闸门，起滤波作用 summation syllabus 教学大纲，课程提纲; （讲义等的） 摘要，提纲; 课程表; [法] （判例前的） 判决要旨; syllable 音节 symptom 症状; 征兆 synergy 协同，配合，企业合并后的协力优势或协合作用; swarm 蜂群，一大群;vi. 泛滥，挤满; 云集，涌往; 成群地移动或出现; 成群飞离蜂巢，用于蜜蜂; territory 领土 势力范围 textile 纺织业 theorem [数] 定理; （能证明的） 一般原理，公理，定律，法则; thermometer 温度计; 体温表 tidbit 趣闻; （美味食物的） 一口; 小片珍馐; 小栏报导; trailer 拖车 trolley 手推车 traits 英 [t'reɪts]人的个性，显著的特点，特征 traction [ˈtrækʃn] 牵引力; 拖拉; 附着摩擦力 tribe 部落，部族; [生] 族; 一帮，一伙; 大群 trophy 纪念品，战利品; 奖品 throttle 油门 节流阀 tripod 三脚架 tuple 英 [tʌpl] 元组，数组 typo打印错误;打字（或排印）文稿的小错误 verdict ˈvɜ:dɪkt 裁定;（陪审团的）裁决;（经过试验、检验或体验发表的）决定;意见 verge 边缘 on the verge of signing a contract. vicinity 附近地区; 附近，邻近; 大约的程度或者数量; visor [ˈvaɪzə(r)] 面颊，帽舌，盔甲 virtue [ˈvɜ:tʃu:美德; 德行; 价值; 长处; vitality vaɪˈtæləti] 活力; 生命力; 生气; 持久性 vogue n. 时尚，流行; 时髦的事物; vulnerability wage wrath rɒθ 愤怒; 激怒 workaround 变通办法 criterion -> criteria
# Adjective -> Noun
implicit -> implication explicit -> explication intuitive-> intuitiveness fluid -> fluidity agile-> agility 熟悉的陌生词 analytic breadth 宽度 chip 芯片 薯片 筹码 cleaning cleansing http://ell.stackexchange.com/questions/15187/what-is-the-difference-between-cleaning-and-cleansing competency 资格 能力 connectivity constituent cycle circular dynamism genesis in-confidence =Confidentially, privately, off the record. moral morale modal modest moderate 适度的 中等的 vs adequate http://www.answers.com/Q/What_are_the_differences_between_an_adequate_diet_balanced_diet_moderate_diet_and_varied_diet monetary 货币的 金钱的 monetary gain or loss neutral 中立的 中性的 outlet 出口，出路; 批发商店; 排水口，通风口; 发泄（情感）的方法 oversee 监督 overlook Pre-requisite equivalent tabulation taxonomy 分类学 topmost uppermost repudiation 否认 specs specificity upskills upsize upswing Variation [ˌveəriˈeɪʃn] vanity ˈvænəti 自负; 虚荣，浮华; 空虚，无聊的事物; 无价值的东西; weigh down
Singular Plural
antonym反义词 un /in /less/non/de/ir/mis/dis/im inaccessible disproportionately discharge disengage imperfect improper inaccessible inseparable incorruptible insecure inexpensive informal irrationally unambiguous unsolicited noncompliance non-repudiation non-bypassable non-exhaustive 非穷尽的 nonstandard non-linearity misrepresentation misconception unmatch mismatch http://english.stackexchange.com/questions/175462/what-words-do-you-use-to-describe-an-unmatched-couple deregulation decentralize deface 损伤外观，丑化，使失面子 dehydration 脱水 ddeduplicate subject<->object, physically<->logical, hard copy<->soft copy tangible<->conceptual transparent <--> opaque irresistable 不可抗拒的 irrelevant irresponsible 不负责任的 irrespective不顾的 不考虑的 irregular
# Compound Nouns 复合名词
safeguard subtotal electromagnetic foothold 据点; 立足处（攀登时脚踩的地方）; （在事业等方面可以进一步发展的） 稳固地位 outset 开始，开端; breakthrough 突破; 穿透; 重要技术成就; 炉衬烧穿 Pattern Bi- bipolar ˌbaɪˈpəʊlə(r) 双极 hybrid混合物 hydro hygiene hype 夸大的宣传hyper hyphen连字符 hypnotic 催眠的 hysteric 亢奋/歇斯底里的 hydro 水利 hydroelectric hyper 亢奋的 hyperlink hypertension 高血压 hypermobility 高流动性 hypo n. 海波; 硫化硫酸钠; <口>刺激; 瘾君子;vt. 给…作皮下注射; （以皮下注射毒品等方式） 刺激; 助长 hypothesis anti antispetic 防腐剂/消毒水 counter- 表示“相反，相对” countermeasure reentrant [ri:'entrənt 再进去，凹角; resurface 重铺路面; 重新露面; 浮上水面 de- 脱 去 除 离 解除 de-inflation 去通胀 devauation 贬值 un- unease 不安; 忧虑，担心 ultra 过激的 ultrasonic scan 超声波检测 super superconduct 超导 supersonic 超音速 tamper-resistant 防篡改 water-proof 防水 tamper-proof under undercharging underestimate undertake over overstated overlook overtaxed overarch overarching overhaul overrate overdue overdrive 驱使过度，虐待，超速传动; overstatement 言过其实 hygiene thermal 暖气流 geothermal 地热 asymmetric 不对称的 cryptography 密码使用法，密码系统 typo age: mileage usage
scale： global scale time scale dispose discharge disclose discipline displace proactive provocate advocate close-out coresponding corelate cooperate collaborate coordinate innovation renovation injestion conjestion digestion inject conject conjunct payload 负载 workload工作量 overload bypass overlook overturn -- tip (something) over so that it is on its side or upside down. overclocking is the configuration of a computer hardware component to operate at a faster rate than was certified by the original manufacturer Not to be confused with overclocking(mileometer/odometer) out outbreak outrange outperform outstrip outreach 到达顶端，超越; outperform 做得比…更好，胜过 headless stateless inverse reverse vice-verse adverse converse tri trishaw 三轮车 triple worthy trustworthy click-worthy ficiency proficiency熟练 娴熟 deficiency efficiency outset - the start or beginning of something outlet outfit -a set of clothes worn together, especially for a particular occasion or purpose. 装备 outline outbreak outcome outage - a period when a power supply or other service is not available or when equipment is closed down. outrage 激怒 outcry outshine semi semiconductor semifinal decimeter centimeter millimetres kilogram kilobyte megabyte megatrends premises premium account premier(总理) premiere(首映) prelude 序曲，前奏曲; 开场戏，序幕; 前兆，预兆 scribe transcribe suscribe screenscribe magnify magnetic drawback fallback aside downside beside preside 主持，指挥; 担任会议主席 reside cessation （暂时） 停止，休止，中断; recession procession队伍，行列; 一列，一排; 列队行进; concessionary （对某类人） 减价的; rise highrise wise pairwise in pairwise成对[双]地，两个两个地; wide corrupted disrupted inter interdependency cross dependent interdepartmental interoperability interchange interdisciplinary 跨学科 interchangeably interdependence interrogative 表示疑问的，质问的; interleaved 交叉存取的，隔行扫描的 intermediary 媒介; 中间人; 调解人; 中间阶段 recraft rebuild diligence intelligence multi multitenancy linkage slipage hot hot-spot hot-swapping liquid fluid constrain restrain refrain polyglot （人） 通晓、使用多种语言的，（书等）用多种语言写的; graphy - demography fore- foresight hind- hindsight mag- magnitude(altitude longitude latitude) magnet geneity: homogeneity, heterogeneity poly: polymorphic, polynomial polyglot mono: monolithic整体的 monopoly垄断的 ele- elevation elevated elevator appeal repeal ior - senior superior inferior let booklet leaflet [ˈli:flət] 传单，散页印刷品; 小叶，嫩叶; 复叶的一片; 叶状器官 attire n. 服装，衣服; vt. 使穿上衣服，使穿上盛装; arise propa - propagate propaganda after- afterthoughts事后的考虑或想法; 事后聪明; 事后再想起; 后来添加的东西; aftereffects 后果; 事后影响; （药物的） 后效; 后作用; ture texture 质地; 结构; 本质 moisture 水分; 湿气; 潮湿; 降雨量; to noun mean=> means is a means to
# Verb --> Noun
continue continuity compare comparison compile compilation comply compliance convert conversion constrain constraint restrain restraint determine determinant dispose disposition exceed excess expend expenditure indent indentation intervene intervention 干预 invoke invocation manifest - manifestation penalize - penalty plagiarize - plagiarism practice - practicality retrieve retrieval slip slippage specify specifier
# Both verb & noun
campaign kæmˈpeɪn 运动; 战役; 竞选运动; 季节性竞赛 lag jet lag/ internet lag/ lag time
# Adjective & Adverb
# Adjective
special:
costly
abundant
accredited 公认的;可接受的;可信任的;质量合格的
adhoc created or done for a particular purpose as necessary.
aesthetic i:sˈθetɪk 审美的; 美的，美学的; 有关美的; 具有审美趣味的
anecdotal Anecdotal evidence suggests that sales in Europe have slipped.
ancillary ænˈsɪləri 辅助的; 附属的; 补充的; 附加的;
awkward causing or feeling embarrassment or inconvenience.
allied 同盟的
ambient 环境; 周围的，包围着的; 产生轻松氛围的
amenable 负责的; 易控制的; 经得起检验（或考查）的; 可用某种方式处理的
anxious
anomalous 反常的
annoyed
applicable 适用的
archival
attentive
adequate
adverse 不利的
ambiguous
amenable 经得起检验，顺从的
amiable
akin
agnostic
arrogan
analogous 相似的，可比拟的; <生>同功的; 模拟式
aspirational 志同的 抱负的
aspiring əˈspaɪərɪŋ 有抱负的; 有志气的; 高耸的;
belated 迟来的
biased 有偏见的; 有偏的; 结果偏倚的
blunt 直率的; 迟钝的; 钝的，不锋利的; 呆板的
canonical kəˈnɒnɪkl权威的; 见于<圣经>正经篇目的; 大教堂教士的; 按照教规的;
catastrophic 灾难的; 惨重的，悲惨结局的;
cosmetic 美容的; 化妆用的; 装点门面的; 表面的
chronological [ˌkrɒnəˈlɒdʒɪkl] 按时间顺序
commemorative 纪念的
compliant
creepy
crucial critical
coarse 粗糙的
collateral 并行的 附属的 旁系的
concise 简洁
conscious 神志清醒的 自觉地
canonical [kəˈnɒnɪkl] 权威
coupled 连结的，联系的;
coherent 连贯的 一致的
cohesive 粘性的 有结合性/粘聚性的
compelling 引人入胜的 扣人心弦 不可抗拒
competent 有能力的，能胜任的; 能干的，称职的; 足够的，充足的; 有决定权的
competitive competitive pressure competitive advantage
complementary
comprehensive 全面的 Be sure to commit time and resources, since the intent is to get something out quickly, rather than be comprehensive
compulsory vs mandatory http://ell.stackexchange.com/questions/3715/differences-between-mandatory-and-compulsory
controversial [ˌkɒntrəˈvɜ:ʃl] 有争议的，引起争议的，被争论的; 好争论的
continuous vs consecutive
continental ˌkɒntɪˈnentl 大陆的，大陆性的，欧洲大陆的; 〈美〉（独立战争时）美洲殖民地的
cordially ˈkɔ:diəli 热诚地，诚挚地，友善地;
cryptographic 关于暗号的，用密码写的
cumbersome 笨重的 不方便的 painstaking 费力的 clumsy 笨拙的 不得体的 laden
courteous 有礼貌的
critical 挑剔的-决定性的
crucial 决定性的
cynical 愤世嫉俗的; 怀疑的; 冷嘲的; 见利忘义的;
decisive 决定性 果断的
dedicated 专用的; 专注的，投入的; 献身的;
detrimental ˌdetrɪˈmentl 有害的
definite 明确的
deliberate 深思熟虑 从容不迫
deviant 离经叛道的; 不正常的，异常的; <=> rational
diagonally daɪ'æɡənəlɪ 对角线地，斜线地;
disciplinary
discrete
discretionary 任意的; 自由决定的; 酌情行事的; 便宜行事的
disparate 完全不同的
dispensable 非必需的
disruptive 分裂的 破坏性的
distinctive
distraught 心如焚的; 心神错乱的; 几乎发狂的
diplomatic 外交的 老练的
elementary
elusive 难以捉摸的
explicit implicit
exponential [ˌekspə'nenʃəlɪ]指数的，幂数的; 越来越快的
extant 存世的 仍然存在的
emerging
empirical 经验主义的;凭经验的;以观察或实验为依据的
enormous ɪˈnɔ:məs 巨大的; 庞大的; 极恶的; 凶暴的;
ephemeral ɪˈfemərəl 朝生暮死; 短暂的，瞬息的; 朝露; 一年生;
equivalent
excessive 过分的
exhaustive 彻底的详尽的
ecstatic 欣喜若狂
ethical 道德的 伦理的
exterior 外面的，外部的，外表上的，表面的
faulty
flatterred 过份夸奖的; 高兴的，感到荣幸的;
fledged 羽翼丰满的 fully fledged system
flimsy 薄的，薄弱的; 易损坏的; 不足信的; 没有价值的
fluctuant
fossil 化石 食古不化
foul 违反规则的，犯规的; 邪恶的; 难闻的，有恶臭的; 下流的
foremost 第一流的，最重要的; 最初的，最前面的
fraudulent 欺诈、
funky 时髦的; 畏缩的; 惊恐的，恐慌的; 有臭味的
fungible fʌndʒɪbl 可互换的，代替的;
gladiatorial ˌɡlædɪə'tɔ:rɪəl adj. 斗剑者的，争论的
gracious 亲切的
gross 总的 粗鲁的 公然的
habitual
handy 方便的; 手巧的; 手边的，附近的; 便于使用的
haphazard 随意的 haphazard decisions making
heuristic hjuˈrɪstɪk 启发式的
hierachical
holistical 全面的
homogenous hə'mɒdʒənəs 同源的
hypothetical 假设的
impending 即将发生的
imminent 迫在眉睫; （通常指不愉快的事） 即将发生的; 迫切的，危急的; 逼近的
improvised 临时做的
incumbent 义不容辞的; 在职的; 靠在[压在]上面的; 弯垂下来的
informed 见多识广的
intermittent [ˌɪntəˈmɪtənt] 间歇性; 间歇的; ，断断续续的;
integral 完整的 intact integrated
intact 完好无损; 原封不动的; 完整无缺的，未经触动的，未受损伤的; 完好无缺
intrinsic ɪnˈtrɪnsɪk 本征; 固有的，内在的，本质的; [解剖] 体内的; 先天性
If referential integrity is intact
instinctive
instructive 有益的; 教育性的;
keen
knowledgeable 博学的，知识渊博的;有见识的;精明的;博洽多闻
malicious 恶意的
magnetic
marginal 边的，边缘的; 旁注的; 临界的，最低限度的; 收入仅敷支出的
massive success
minimal 最低限度的
miscellaneous 多方面的 性质混杂的
misleading 误导性的; 骗人的; 引入歧途的
modest humble
modular 无数的; 多种的，各式各样的;
monotonic ˌmɒnə'tɒnɪk 单调的，无变化的
moral ethical
myriad 无数的 They face a myriad of problems bringing up childre
multilingual
mushy 糊状的; 感情脆弱的，感伤的;
nasty 恶心 讨厌
nefarious nɪˈfeəriəs 极坏的，恶毒的;
negligible ˈneglɪdʒəbl
negligent ˈneglɪdʒənt
nimble 灵活的; 敏捷的; 机敏的; （头脑） 思路敏捷的，机智的
nodal
nonchalant ˈnɒnʃələnt 漫不经心的; 漠不关心的，冷淡的; 不感兴趣的; 恬然;
nutrient
nominally 在名义上，表面地; 应名儿
noteworthy 值得注意的
notable 显著的;著名的;值得注意的
noticeable
opaque əʊˈpeɪk 不透明的; 无光泽的，晦暗的; 不传导性的; 含糊的，迟钝的
optimal
opportunistic ˌɒpətju:ˈnɪstɪk 投机取巧的; 机会主义的，机会主义者的;
orbital 轨道的
ostentatious
oval
overarching adj. 首要的;v. 在…上方成拱形( overarch的现在分词 )
parabolic ˌpærə'bɒlɪk 抛物线的; 比喻的，寓言似的;
parametric 参数的
paramount
particular specific http://the-difference-between.com/particular/specific
permissible
permissive pəˈmɪsɪv 放任的; 容许的; 宽大的; 自由的
pedantic pɪˈdæntɪk 卖弄学问的; 学究式的，迂腐的; 卖弄笔墨
persuasive
pervasive 普遍的 渗透的
pesudo sju:dəʊ 虚伪的 假的 pesudocode
plausible
picky
pre-emptive 先发制人的； 抢先的
prevalent - widespread in a particular area or at a particular time
prestigious [preˈstɪdʒəs] 受尊敬的，有声望的; <古>魔术的，欺骗的
probabilistic 盖然论的，或然说的
prodigal ˈprɒdɪgl adj. 挥霍的; 慷慨的; 浪费的; 铺张的
profound
promptly 及时
provocative 挑衅的; 刺激性的;
prevailing 现行的
pre-emptive 先发制人的；抢先的
primitive [ˈprɪmətɪv]
proactive 积极主动的; 前摄的; 主动出击的; 先发制人的
prone 易于 倾向 tend to
prospective
She is his prospective mother-in-law. 她是他准（未来）岳母 ---> perspective--aspect --- respect
Providing necessary information for prospective consumers to evaluate if a service will act in a manner consistent with the consumer's constraints
proportional 成比例的 相称的
pseudo 假的 伪的 counterfeit 伪造 fake
psychic 精神的; 超自然的; 灵魂的，心灵的
punitive ˈpju:nətɪv 处罚的，惩罚性的; 令人受苦的;
quantitative qualitative
proper appropriate
It is expected that appropriate documentation,reviewing and testing activities will take place.
precise accurate
handicapped 先天生理缺陷的 disabled（后天）
heterogeneous
imperative 势在必行的; 必要的，不可避免的
incentive 刺激的
inferior 较低的 此等 的 secondary
intense
intensive
1.concentrated on a single subject or into a short time; very thorough or vigorous.
2.of an adjective, adverb, or particle) giving force or emphasis.
interim 暂时的，临时的; 期中的
invasive 侵略性的，侵害的; 攻击性的; 扩散性的，蔓延性的;
inevitable 不可避免的
irrespective
legislative 立法的
lengthy 冗长的
longitudinal 纵向的
mythical 神话的 虚构的
negotiable
non-frilled
nominal 名义上的
notorious 臭名昭著的; 声名狼藉的; 臭名远扬的; 恶名昭著
radical 激进的 彻底的 根本的 aggressive 侵略的 进攻性的
reasonable vs rational , reasonable is a feeling or emotion where rational is based on logic.
redundant 多余 累赘 - ENGINEERING (of a component) not strictly necessary to functioning but included in case of failure in another component.
reckless ˈrekləs鲁莽的，不顾危险的; 粗心大意的; 满不在乎的; 胆大妄为;
recurring 循环的 recurrent
recursive 回归的，递归的
representative
relevant(vs related relative corresponding ) irrelevant
reluctant 不情愿的 勉强的
relentless 不懈的; 坚韧的，不屈不挠的; 不间断的; 未减轻的
resilient
renowned rɪˈnaʊnd 有名的，享有声誉的; 有声望的;
rigorous 严格的 rigorous quality and safety standards rigorous tests
rotary 旋转的
skeptical 怀疑性的，好怀疑的，
sarcastic sɑ:ˈkæstɪk adj. 讥讽的，讽刺的，挖苦的;
significant
statutory 法定的
subsequent vs consequent http://english.stackexchange.com/questions/37872/difference-between-subsequently-and-consequently
substantial substantive significant considerable 大量的 相当可观的
susceptible 易受影响的; 易受感染的
scathing
scarce skeəs adj. 缺乏的，罕见的; adv. 勉强; 仅仅; 几乎不; 简直不;
sensational
sketchy - not thorough or detailed.
skew 斜交的
slack 懈怠的; 松（弛）的; 清淡的; 不活跃的
sluggish 行动迟缓的，反应慢的; 不机警的; 懒散的，不活泼的; 无精打采的
sole
solitary 独自的，独立的; 单个的; 唯一的; 隐居的
squiggly 弯弯曲曲的
sneaky
sophisticated algorithm 复杂的算法 unsophisticated 不熟不专业
spontaneous 自发的 本能的
stale 陈腐的; 不新鲜的; 走了味的
stagnant ˈstægnənt 污浊的; 不流动的，停滞的; 不景气的; 迟钝的，呆笨的
strenuous ˈstrenjuəs 紧张的; 奋发的; 费力的，用力的; 热烈的
superfluous su:ˈpɜ:fluəs 多余的; 过多的; 不必要的; 奢侈的
suboptimal 未达最佳标准的; 不最理想的; 不最适宜的; 不最满意的;
susceptible səˈseptəbl 易受影响的; 易受感染的; 善感的; 可以接受或允许的
symmetric 相称性的，均衡的
tactile 触觉的; 触觉感知的; 能触知的; 有形的
tactic 策略 战术
tactical strategic
tertiary ˈtɜ:ʃəri 第三的; <医>第三期的; (T-) <地>第三纪的; <化>叔的; https://zhidao.baidu.com/question/1174862072019548819.html
temporal 时间的; 世俗的; 暂存的; <语>表示时间的
tentative ˈtentətɪv 试探性的; 尝试性的; 试验的; 不确定的;
terrific təˈrɪfɪk了不起的; 极好的; 异乎寻常的; 很大的;
spatial 空间的; 存在于空间的; 受空间条件限制的; 占大篇幅的
thermal 热的 thermal spring thermal photo（热成像）
transactional 相互作用的 事务性的 transnational 跨国的
transient ˈtrænziənt短暂的; 转瞬即逝的; 临时的;
tricky
tremendous 巨大 广大
wieldy 易于使用的，适合的 unwieldy [ʌnˈwi:ldi] 笨重的; 笨拙的; 不便利的
ubiquitous ju:ˈbɪkwɪtəs 无处不在的
unanimous juˈnænɪməs 全体一致的; 一致同意的，无异议的;
unwound 未卷绕的，未上发条的，松散的;
unprecedented 空前的; 前所未有的，无前例的; 无比的; 新奇的，崭新的
versatile ˈvɜ:sətaɪl 多才多艺的; 多功能的; （指工具、机器等） 多用途的; 有多种学问、技能或职业的;
vibrant 振动的; 响亮的; 充满生气的;
volatile
vital essential 本质 重要必要
viable 能生存的 sustainable vs feasible https://www.italki.com/question/271673
vigorous 有力的; 精力充沛的; 充满活力的; 朝气蓬勃的
wary
wieldy 易于使用的，适合的;
wrought 制造的; 加工的; 经装饰的; （金属） 锤打成形的 wrought with risks
time-dependent effects
verbose 冗长的，啰唆的，累赘的
# noun to adjective
domain -> dominant problematic hypothesis -> hypothetical informatic crap - crappy 糟糕的 snoop - snoopy 爱探听的 spook 鬼 幽灵 But was it the wind that spooked her?- spooky 神经质的 有点怪的 不可思议的 quirk - quirky 怪癖 奇事 verb to adjective add - additive sustain - sustainable customize - customisable Adverb accordingly analogously ə'næləgəslɪ 类似地，近似地 adversely 逆地，反对地; 不利地; 有害地 allegedly 据说 anyhow 无论如何; 总之; 不管怎样; 随随便便 anyway aptly arguably 可争辩的 blindly briskly 快地; 迅速地; 活泼地; 伶俐地 circa 近似 大约[ˈsɜ:kə] constantly: continuously over a period of time consciously comparatively comparably http://english.stackexchange.com/questions/254248/the-difference-between-comparably-and-comparatively deliberately consciously and intentionally; on purpose. easily - Change management is easily the most difficult and complex element in the project mix. emphatically 断然的 强调的 essentially exclusively forth hereto thereto phenomenologically preferably 更好的 宁愿 presumably prɪˈzju:məbli大概; 可能; 想来; 据推测; predominantly provisionally notoriously inherently flawed intelligently intensively 强烈 深入 密集 intuitively indly abbr.indefinitely delay 不定延期，无限延期 overly 过度的 radically 彻底的 激进的 vs drasticlly seemingly seamlessly sensibly somehow 以某种方式，用某种方法; <非正>不知怎么地，不知道怎样，不晓得什么缘故; 设法，想办法，想个方法; 莫明其妙地; somewhat succinctly sək'sɪŋktlɪ thereby therefore 所以 因此 ultimately eventually http://forum.wordreference.com/threads/eventually-finally-ultimately.167661/ unilaterally ˌju:nɪˈlætərəlɪ 单方面地; 单方面做出地; 仅影响一方地; 单边地; validly 正当地，妥当地 whereas 然而 反之 wholly 完全地，全部地; 十足，统统; 专门; 一并 lately mostly
# Synonym - Words in mind
Arena antenna ænˈtenə adequate decent acknowledge response amend remedy rectify modify change any arbitrary https://english.stackexchange.com/questions/8869/is-it-redundant-to-say-based-on-any-arbitrary-criteria attached annex advent emerge ask request axes dimensions angle analog analogy Analogous相似的，可比拟的; <生>同功的; 模拟式 actualization ˌæktʃʊəlaɪ'zeɪʃən 实现，现实化 realization implementation blink wink blink 是普通的眨眼 wink 是单眼表示暗示 background backdrop back ago 2 years back (ago) broken spoil conversely; the other way round; come again ( repeat/pardon) calibrate / recalibrate tune / fine tune redressal 调整，修正 conformity consistent consecutive continuous constant constantly 时刻; 不断地，时常地; 常川; 历来; consistency tally contrary counter reverse opposite contra (contra balance 帐目对冲） consensus 一致; 舆论; 一致同意，合意 conscious controversial debatable consent concurrence, for exception please get the lecturer's concurrence collect / glean information collate tally close intimacy affinity claim reimburse https://www.zhihu.com/question/37729052 dash hyphen density compact deprecate obsolete dizzy drowsiness sleepy faint mess up fatigue dazzle fuzzy faint dustbin liter bin expire dated excessive extreme over excel expert mastery 精通，熟练; 统治，控制; 优势 exception , anomaly əˈnɒməl 异常现象; 异常，反常; 不规则; 畸形人（物）; fake counterfeit finally eventually ultimately hush quite hurry rush: in a hurry hypen dash http://www.cbkx.com/2004-1/527.shtml intrinsic innately ɪ'neɪtlɪ 天赋地; 内在地，固有地 extrinsic increase grow proliferate interfere intrude interrupt interference和jamming jargon terminology Leverage, take advantage of lag latency mimic simulate spoof 哄骗; 讽刺; 戏弄; （进行） 滑稽的模仿; major offensive 军事] 大规模进攻，大举进攻 massive stroke 严重的中风 mandate authorize melt desolve moderate mild mediate national nationality ethnicity [eθˈnɪsəti] 种族地位，种族特点，种族渊源; nuance micro cosmetic opposite object to disagree argue challenge oblivious [əˈblɪviəs] ignorant innocent
offload dump discharge pass preserve conserve battery population populated pre-populate proficient adj. 精通的，熟练的;n. 能手，老手，专家; familiar skilled expert professional paradigm template style pertinent ˈpɜ:tɪnənt 有关的，相干的; 恰当的，中肯的; 关于…的; 切题的; related, relevant propagate pass broadcast disperse: When no updates occur for a long period of time, eventually all udpates will propagate through the system and all the nodes will be consistent prominent profound resume resurgence 回潮; 再起; 复苏，复活; 中断之后的继续; regardless ;despite; in spite of; let alone / not mention; even though; set aside Set aside 'Me' time to revitalise and rejuvenate yourself. It could be as simple as taking a 10 minute break to chill! Set aside time to exercise, watch a good movie or simply listen to some music. You'll be amazed at how refreshed you'll be with a short break! rash rush rectless resovle resort resident residual adj. 残留的; 残余的;n. 剩余; 残渣; reside responsive to change, resilient, cater for changes, comply with changes Scam con: con somebody out of some amount suburb outskirt subsequent, follow up, upfront superior > better “In life a hypothesis that something is superior to something else cannot be scientifically proven but it can be demonstrated scrape 擦，刮; 擦去; 擦伤，刮破; 挖空; scratch specifically spəˈsɪfɪkli 特有地，明确地; 按种别地; 按特性地; especially,particularly,specially 均可表“特别地”. especially一般表示某事物在意义、程度、重要性性超过其他事物.如：I love Italy,especially in summer.(我喜欢意大利,尤其在夏天.) particularly往往着重说明与同类事物不同的个别事物.如：The visitors admired his paintings,but particularly the portrait of his daughter.(来访者赞赏他所有的绘画,特别是他女儿的画像.) specially 多表示“专门地”,“为特别目的的地”,如表“不寻常”,“过分”等,可与especially通用.如：I made chocolate cake specially for you.(我特地为你做了巧克力蛋糕.)
stimulate incentive stubs placeholder replace ** with stubs to run your own configuration sophisticated complicated season调料 spice香料 source酱料 sensible ˈsensəbl明智的; 通情达理的; 合乎情理的; 意识到的，能感觉到的 resonable subtraction， subduction是对减法这一数学算法的称谓。减号minus，同时minus和less都可以用在句中表示减去，后面加名词表示减去的部分 spare save 节省，俭省; 不用，抽出，省掉; 宽恕，饶（命），救命，使某人免遭（麻烦等）; 出让，割爱，分让; stance position attitude : take a more relaxed stance syndicate affinity affiliate league formed a syndicate ˈsɪndɪkət suspect(suspicious) doubt susceptible vulnerable sensitive in tune with customers = resonated with customers opt for... look for... choose... make a request , compose a http request niche - niche product notch - top notch
take no notice of 不注意(某人/某事物);不理会 despite me看不起
workaround circumvent ˌsɜ:kəmˈvent 避免; 围绕，包围; 用计防止; （用欺骗手段） 陷害; prevent work together / collaboration - It is expected that the efforts of all the students, when taken in synergy would provide a comprehensive collection of information in the "Big Data Engineering" area.
# Contrast meaning 意义反差
appealing adj. 吸引人的，令人心动的; 恳求的; v. （迫切） 要求(appeal的现在分词); 将…上诉;
# Vocabulary Phrases
with that being said pro rata adv. <拉>按比例，成比例; slice and dice 切片和切块 - 交叉分析 on the gounds 由于, not ground!!! At no point between then and 01/03 far-reaching make good his failure to drill down fine tuning 微调 fine tuned well oiled (especially of an organization) operating smoothly."the ruling party's well-oiled political machine" 2.informaldrunk."I was pretty well oiled that evening" out of the box 非常好的 现成的 tweak and tune 调整 density of work fast tracking 快车道 Multi-Disciplined 多学科 critical distinctions 关键区别 Causal analysis 因果分析 as of fast forward corollary effect 必然的效果kəˈrɒləri earliest opportunity ultimate objective readily available 随时可用 pledge to donate of minimum IT literacy in the event of contingencies literacy and numeracy 读写计算能力 grace period behave regularly conjestion penalty laughing matter 笑料 end to end End to end is a term used in many business arenas referring to the beginning and end points of a method or service, and end-to-end theory embraces the philosophy that eliminating as many middle layers or steps as possible will optimize performance and efficiency in any process. An end-to-end process ensures the comprehensive completion of work and is typically managed within a specified timeframe. Internal procedures at a company often lay out a process for end-to-end management using the most efficient and timely approach to manufacture goods or complete a service.Read more: End To End Definition | Investopedia http://www.investopedia.com/terms/e/end-to-end.asp ivory tower 象牙塔 water retention This pus, if it collects in large enough amounts, will bloat the etheric body leading to physical "puffiness" and water retention. ultimate consumer 最终用户 strong or eventual consistency 强一致 最终一致 sole purpose 唯一目的 sole argument syntax and semantic 语法和语义 behind the scene/curtains pretty much everyone does 相当多人也是如此 everyone is very positive and supportive of each other bare-bones 极简单的 heavy lifting 艰难的事 impedance mismatch 不匹配的障碍 The Controller layer reduces the impedance mismatch between HTTP and the Domain Model. showstopper 精彩的 致命的 workhorse 负重机器 Retrenchment Benefits 辞退费 far-reaching impact 深远影响 soon after on the fly / in real-time / instantly / in a jerk from scratch / draft idea brute force approach bring up It is important for your team to keep up with the schedule so as not to cause unnecessary delays to downstream workshops. It is best to allow only one analyst to work on a diagram at a time. If a user's machine crashes, the network suffers an outage or a machine is turned off unexpectedly, the project file might require repair to compensate for the sudden inconsistency; a repair facility is provided to carry out this task. as if as is as though in an ad hoc manner As the group gears up towards the business challenges of the new economy self-contained 自给自足 tight correlation 紧密相关 error-prone 易错 course-correct composable services 可组合的服务 right away sexual harassment http://www.un.org/womenwatch/osagi/pdf/whatissh.pdf non-stop = forever no later than at most compare and contrast tread with caution 步步小心 unguarded moment 不经意的瞬间 The photographers managed to capture Jane in an unguarded moment. end state 最终状态 bottlenecks and loops bottlenecks and efficiencies lose yourself in complexity an array of situations wrap up 包裹 圆满完成 geographic expansion / corporate expansion ongoing cost 持续的成本 an onging basis 持续的基础上 on an 'as-needed-basis' rubber stamping 常规刻板批准 approve automatically without proper consideration. tempered glass 钢化玻璃 plastic surgery surgical strike form factor 物理尺寸 规格 - is an aspect of hardware design which defines and prescribes the size, shape, and other physical specifications of components, particularly in consumer electronics and electronic packaging immune to industry hype 对行业炒作免疫 headless computer/software - without a graphical user interface , headless mode (for drones) steering group/committee - a committee that decides on the priorities or order of business of an organization and manages the general course of its operations. in a timely fashion / in this fashion http://english.stackexchange.com/questions/18635/what-is-the-meaning-of-the-phrase-in-timely-fashion mission critical system mutual exclusive seed budget energy efficient blow budget lose sight of cross-currents 逆流 错流 counter pull 反拉力 pull back human dynamics 沟通 inherent drawbacks 固有缺点 Staying relevant means finding new ways to offer added value, support the team, and contribute. The world is a competitive jungle and unless you dial in on how you can differentiate your company or skill set, Darwin's evolutionary theory will have some real personal meaning happy path running repair 日常修理 handover point 交接点 boiler pate clear cut 明确的 best of breed http://www.pcmag.com/encyclopedia/term/38561/best-of-breed
acronyms and abbreviations / acronyms and labels canned (pre-set) query Judge and Jury in the first instance technical and philosophical device agnostic http://searchmobilecomputing.techtarget.com/definition/device-agnostic-device-agnosticism audit trail regulated environment 监管环境 a lean team 精干的团队 home grown 土生土长的 reinvent the wheel low hang fruit on-premise 部署; 预置; 本机端; 预置的; 部署的 Lead time 订货至交货的时间 Lead time to get hardware thought through 仔细思考 common good general public mega trend slate for 提名为，内定为，任命为 opt in opt out a handful of turnover rate turn around halfway/partway through early on all about Use your best judgment http://chicanaontheedge.blogspot.sg/2012/09/use-your-best-judgment.html 按你最好的判断来吧 Dying of Curiosity 好奇的要死 get your butt in here 快过来 let us in on it 让我们谈谈 full of shit / bullshit so wrong It doesn't matter what I say no worries don't mess me up Analysis Paralysis http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_487ddcc00100o9lk.html long drawn 长期以来 旷日持久 buy-out 全面收购，全部买下市场产品 buy-in 买进，补进（为了接管某公司买进其控制股权） tourist attraction 游览胜地 human intervention 人为干预 competitive edge 竞争优势 value proposition capability assessment 能力评估 business imperative 业务需要 touch points spelling the demise 宣告死亡 all-inclusive 包括一切的; 包罗万象; 兼容并包; 无所不包 diploma mill, bill mill buy in / buy out constant time novel theory 原理 either in alphabetical or chronological order prescriptive definition reject inference 信用评分中的拒绝推断 leaps and bounds 跳跃 upsell crosssell temporal and spatial Multivariate analysis optimal route commute to work Tamper Evidence 窜改证据; broad context大环境 mind blowing breath taking complementary not contradictory personal matters www.wikihow.com/Separate-Your-Professional-and-Private-Life fractional reserve 部分储备 shoulder to shoulder, side by side In Reponse To https://www.englishforums.com/English/InReponseToOrInRespondTo/cqmlw/post.htm way less than the odds 远远小的概率 compare and contrast be aware of complexity - but don't be overwhelmed by it - capture essentials improve and correct it before automate it in a nutshell 简言之 一言以蔽之 out of box 开箱即用 off the shelf 现货供应 open ended 完全开放 if you are given sth on a silver platter , you do not have to do much to get it 无须费劲；唾手可得 in the sense of 从…意义上说; all the more reasons for patience 所以才更需要耐心 marshal resources 韬光养晦 or lack thereof https://zhidao.baidu.com/question/329100185.html monolith and distributed system full-fledged 羽毛生齐的; 经过充分训练的，成熟的; VS matured the more time you put in hardwork, the more skills you acquire in infancy 在早期阶段 notable amount of energy 相当多的××× Bitcoin led to a huge number of look-alike cryptocurrencies, and most public discussion has centred around the potential for illegal or illicit uses (such as the purchase of drugs on the Silk Road website). In keeping with the ‘libertarian’ origins of Bitcoin, it has been remarked that one of the major events which propelled Bitcoin to widespread adoption was the blockade of WikiLeaks by Visa and MasterCard, 促使××× 在计算机领域中，“False Positive”通常指误报；“alse Negative”通常指漏报。 在医学领域中，“False Positive”通常指假阳性；“alse Negative”通常指假阴性。 not trival https://www.zhihu.com/question/20681622 not negligible gossip network gossip ˈgɒsɪp 流言蜚语，谣言; 爱讲闲话的人; 谈话，闲话; 关系亲密的伙伴 ramp up 上升; 提升; by-product 副产品; 副作用; 意外结果 name squatting [squatting 动物一样蹲下( squat的现在分词 ); 非法擅自占用; 为获得其所有权] whip up 激发，激励; 匆匆做; 当场完成; whip 鞭打，抽打; 严厉地折磨、责打或责备，迫使; 把…打起泡沫; comment out 注释掉 broadly similar 大致相似 vetted for use 审查过可以使用 harsh environment 网络 恶劣环境; 严酷环境 mega trend significant benefit tied up 忙得不可开交的；不得闲的；正在使用的; tap on 轻轻敲击（某物的表面）， 轻击…（某部位） personal matters 私事 feet of clay 受景仰受尊敬的人）品格上的缺陷（或弱点）;泥足（比喻站不住脚的事物）
suit yourself 随你便！ Wider spectrum Particular attractive Proven effective Line through, strike through, crossed through Affordable to the mass Neglect one important thing
Adapt to changes Cater for different crowds U name it, we do it piled up benchmark Make it uniform Accommodate to population increase Conform to On and off Hog off hardness 利用 Rolling out more bus Pull back Building on the idea earlier on communiter 通勤者 bridging service fetch pick up Bring up a good idea accommodate wheel chair user
# Precise expression
take a cut rummage ˈrʌmɪdʒ翻箱倒柜; 翻查; 搜出; encumbered assets 抵押资产 Email Template: Johnny, please arrange for a 13 seater minibus on Monday, 27th may at 8pm. Pick up will be at 19, china street. Contact person I will let u know on Monday. It will be a one way trip from china street to 121, katong shopping centre. Let me know the details once u have them. Dear ***, The driver's name is **. His h/p: ******. Minibus vehicle no. *. I will update for any changes. Feel free to call me on my hp: for any queries.
Other: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZmKfuFj4nXk
quite a few http://english.stackexchange.com/questions/4085/what-is-the-proper-usage-of-quite-a-few expresses that the speaker was impressed or astonished by the number, as they would have expected less. 最高 cap/capping 大件物品 bulky item Which between “crap” and “shit” is more rude? http://ell.stackexchange.com/questions/23246/which-between-crap-and-shit-is-more-rude retrofit retrospect revision recap revamp rephrase regression 回归 recursive 递归 refill recharge recompense 补偿 overwrite override overload overhead overkill overwhelming overrun forward, ahead, onward, forth, foremost,along,outward, outwardly, outwards downside downwards downterm downstream downfall 下台 (fall down) highrise counterclockwise undermine 逐渐削弱 underestimate upward downward inner ward come out work out try out turn out turn round tease out 梳理出 take off 出发 kick off 开始 trade-off权衡
With regard to that 关于这一点 Be that as it may more so whatsoever last but not least the reason being is
扶梯上面 escalator landing / upper landing 掉下来 drop / fall / land / lose
常用词习惯不准确 different variant stop halt ride on you / take credit from you / take advantage from u ask / enquire ask for / request / apply for asked to / required to happened occurred argue retort debate dispute
publish issued sign off finalize communicate to persist insist plural/singular compound multiple diverse
ambitious timescale / challenge / tight schedule perform activity proceed procedure entail/bring risk technique technical
how earlier should I inform you? notice period administer / manage the system would administer the rostering of pilots and cabin crew on commercial flights. merchandise / goods / I was talking on the phone and suddenly got disconnected.
volatile paramount Business needs were paramount emerge arise surface envision 预见想象 anticipate
adopt apply use
adhere vs comply http://forum.wordreference.com/threads/adherence-compliance.1930164/ the new end date must be adhered to. align vs conform http://www.wikidiff.com/conform/align
oral verbal : verbal warning
left over/ remain /rest
scold shoot shrew A week elapsed before she could see Elizabeth without scolding her irritate annoy frustrate http://forum.wordreference.com/threads/annoy-vs-irritate.1550833/ beef up 充实, bump up, screw up,mess up, ramp up 巩固提高 sum up hang up挂掉 high up: avoids feature-laden classes high up in the hierarchy gobble up 吞噬 miss out figure out work out leak out sort out pump in crack down (on) 严厉打击 clamp down (on) 钳制 chewing gum on a train is not seemly in a lady. 淑女在火车上嚼口香糖不太合适 The boy popped a piece of gum into his mouth. 塞进嘴里 That guy who snaps his gum in class is so annoying 吹响口香糖
coordinated cooperation correlation interpersonnel 人际关系 interlinked interoperate interoperable interconnecting cycling to work , biking to work, ride bike to work
stimulation vs incentive Incentives to motivate employees Does governmental incentives or economic growth stimulate green-building construction condom vs rubber (rubber sticker) vs gum source vs jam prosecute sue speculate vs hedge vs invest vs infer The main purpose of speculation, on the other hand, is to profit from betting on the direction in which an asset will be moving. Hedgers reduce their risk by taking an opposite position in the market to what they are trying to hedge. The main difference between speculating and investing is the amount of of risk undertaken in the trade. Typically, high-risk trades that are almost akin to gambling fall under the umbrella of speculation, whereas lower-risk investments based on fundamentals and analysis fall into the category of investing. As verbs the difference between speculate and infer is that speculate is to think, meditate or reflect on a subject; to consider, to deliberate or cogitate while infer is to introduce (something) as a reasoned conclusion; to conclude by reasoning or deduction, as from premises or evidence. akin similar accountability responsibility liability benchmark collate calibrate serially sequence intervene interfere 干涉 中英物语 http://www.chtoen.com/ http://edu.qq.com/a/20160401/021015.htm Why do Chinese websites look so busy? https://econsultancy.com/blog/67466-why-do-chinese-websites-look-so-busy Like always/as always/as usual http://forum.wordreference.com/threads/like-always-as-always-as-usual.1766024/ as usual - per usual https://www.quora.com/Whats-the-difference-between-as-usual-and-as-per-usual as you usually do How would you like your steak done?
- rare (almost raw) 2. medium-rare 3. medium ("half" raw) 4. well-done (fully cooked) ambiguous ambiguity vague grocery goods electronic gadgets cosmetic toiletries territory region protectorate state http://english.stackexchange.com/questions/3572/what-are-province-territory-protectorate-state intuitive consent 同意赞成 consensus 一致 共识 sensation 感觉 知觉 sensitivity 敏感 灵敏度 conceive 设想 deceive 欺骗 perceive perceive conscious realize conscious anxious(anxiety) perception feel cognition consciousness apperception conserve 保存 节省 reserve sustain 维持 经受 前(提前 之前 早于）upfront in advance prior to precede in advance 后（后续 接着） subsequent accostomed to get/be used to discrete scatter
pertaining to in terms of vs with respect/regard to 'in terms of' When we speak in this way, using these kinds of terms. eg In terms of computer skills, his programming and website design abilities are excellent. 'with regard to' When we look at something. eg With regard to this problem, we need a solution by Friday. novelty origin widget gadget device
it can make your head spin. fuzzy ball sphere under below beneath underneath http://www.phrasemix.com/answers/whats-the-difference-between-under-below-beneath-and-underne precise concise be accounted for 占 guarantee warranty promise omission ignorance
categorize classify per pax=per person/passenger person is a decent substitute for individuals, People is the ordinary plural of person differ / not in sync with / not be aligned It can be differ for different organizational units and corporate functions Organization may not be in sync with market force. Top management and staff may not always be aligned.
obtain retain attain detain（扣留） defer delay lag accommodate to throughput吞吐量 threshold 临界值 capacity omit忽略 leave out省去 不考虑
work around to 逐步的解决 correspond to 相应于 符合于 respond to 相应
contradict反驳 与...矛盾 on contrary counter protest 反对
elicit 引出 诱出 solicit 恳求 征求 勾引
hereinafter 以下，在下文中
packed 拥挤 crowded
# Urban Dictionary(SLANG)
non-trivial https://www.zhihu.com/question/20681622 KARMA 佛教 因果报应 因缘 opcodes 操作码; 伪代码; umami 鲜度; 鲜味; 甘味; 旨味; Trie; 又称单词查找树; 是一种树形结构; 用于保存大量的字符串。它的优点是：利用字符串的公共前缀来节约存储空间。; opt-out 自愿退出; 不参加; opt-in 选择进入; 选择使用; 选入; pairwise 成对[双]地，两个两个地 churn de-dupe 删除技术; 重复数据删除; 删除功能 ontology 本体论，实体论; jumpstart 启动; 助推启动; 助推起动; 快速启动 reasonable man unreasonable man quo 维持现状 bento 盒饭 bulling From the expletive bullshit. To talk nonsense/bullshit.He was bulling me but I didn't believe him. LOLS http://slang.org/LOLS-meaning-definition hush hush what can (not) do you for? http://english.stackexchange.com/questions/22405/distinction-what-can-i-do-you-for-vs-what-can-i-do-for-you doozy bluff try to deceive someone as to one's abilities or intentions. deceive deliberately cause (someone) to believe something that is not true, especially for personal gain. dug up 挖出 coopetition 合作竞争 omnichannel 全渠道 instrusive 侵入 convertible debt 可换债务; pacifically www.urbandictionary.com/define.php?term=pacifically min-entropy 最小熵 trifecta traɪ'fektə n. 赌马时，押中某一场前三名的赛马，排名序完全押中; [例句]What would achieving this kind of trifecta really mean? 一举连下三城，究竟意味着什么？ in the wild: Part of the use of the slang term “in the wild,” which was popularized by the HBO TV series "Silicon Valley," relies upon an analogy to the natural world. In nature, people look for wildlife and plants in the wild, where they are beyond any human monitoring or supervision.
# Latin
De facto is a Latin phrase that means in fact (literally by or from fact) in the sense of "in practice but not necessarily ordained by law" or "in practice or actuality, but not officially established", as opposed to de jure.
dongle is a small piece of hardware that connects to another device to provide it with additional functionality. distro
mortem 事后剖析 daemon is a computer program that runs as a background process, rather than being under the direct control of an interactive user. fagan
neologism niˈɒlədʒɪzəm 新词; 旧词新义; 新词[新义]的使用; 新词[新义]的创造者[使用者];
# Singlish
https://commonenglishmistakes.wordpress.com/2009/07/30/spoilt-and-broken/ wrong use of already Wednesday suaku From Hokkien 山龜／山龟 (soaⁿ-ku, “mountain turtle”), from 山 (soaⁿ, “mountain”) + 龜／龟 (ku, “turtle”). Through throw thread Schedule opportunity 傍晚 十八先 十点一个字 调查（tiao） 六尺（che） isn't it ? doesn't he eat yourself ? feed yourself
[toggle title="Wikipedia Singlish"] In general: The dental fricatives – /θ/ and /ð/ – merge with /t/ and /d/, so that three = tree and then = den.[18] In syllable-final position, -th is pronounced as -f /f/, so with and birth are pronounced weeff /wif/ and bəff /bəf/ respectively.[19] Under the influence of with, without is often pronounced with /v/ in place of /ð/: /wivaut/. The dental fricatives do occur in acrolectal speech, though even among educated speakers there is some variation.[20] The voiceless stops – /p/, /t/ and /k/ – are sometimes unaspirated,[18] especially among Malays.[21] (Aspiration refers to the strong puff of air that may accompany the release of these stop consonants.) The acoustic effect of this is that the Singlish pronunciation of pat, tin and come sound more similar to bat, din, and gum than in other varieties of English. The distinction between /l/ and /r/ is not stable at the basilectal level, as evinced by TV personality Phua Chu Kang's oft-repeated refrain to "Use your blain!" (use your brain) and "'Don pray pray!'" (Don't play-play, i.e. Don't fool around). One might note, however, that both these examples involve initial consonant clusters (/bl/ and /pl/ respectively), and conflation of /l/ and /r/ is found less often when they are not part of a cluster. /l/ at the end of a syllable, pronounced as a velarised "dark l" in British or American English, is often so velarised in Singlish that it approaches the Close-mid back unrounded vowel [ɤ], e.g. sale [seɤ]. /l/ also tends to be lost after the back vowels /ɔ/, /o/, /u/, and for some basilectal speakers, the central vowel /ə/. Hence pall = paw /pɔ/, roll = row /ro/,tool = two /tu/, and for some, pearl = per /pə/[22] Syllabic consonants never occur. Hence taken [tekən] and battle [bɛtəɤ], never [tekn̩] or [bɛtl̩]. When the final /l/ is vocalised, little and litter may be homophones.[23] [ʔ], the glottal stop, is inserted at the beginning of all words starting with a vowel, similar to German. As a result, final consonants do not experience liaison, i.e. run onto the next word. For example, "run out of eggs" would be "run-nout-to-veggs" in most dialects of English (e.g. [rʌ nau ɾə vɛɡz] in General American), but "run 'out 'of 'eggs" (e.g. [rʌn ʔau ʔɔf ʔeks] in Singlish. This contributes to what some have described as the 'staccato effect' of Singapore English.[24] [ʔ] replaces final plosive consonants of syllables in regular- to fast-paced speed speech, especially stops: Goodwood Park becomes Gu'-wu' Pa' /ɡuʔ wuʔ pɑʔ/, and there may be a glottal stop at the end of words such as back and out. Like in Cambodian, where a final 'g' becomes a 'k'; 'bad' becomes 'bat' with an unaspirated 't'.[25] In final position, the distinction between voiced and voiceless sounds – i.e. /s/ & /z/, /t/ & /d/, etc. – is usually not maintained, especially for fricatives. As a result, cease = seize/sis/ and race = raise /res/.[26] This leads to some mergers of noun/verb pairs, such as belief with believe /bilif/. Final consonant clusters simplify, especially in fast speech.[27] In general, plosives, especially /t/ and /d/, are lost if they come after another consonant: bent = Ben /bɛn/, tact =tack /tɛk/, nest = Ness /nɛs/. /s/ is also commonly lost at the end of a consonant cluster: relax = relac /rilɛk/. §Vowels Broadly speaking, there is a one-to-many mapping of Singlish vowel phonemes to British Received Pronunciation vowel phonemes, with a few exceptions (as discussed below, with regard to egg and peg). The following describes a typical system.[18][28][29] Some speakers may further merge /e/ and /ɛ/;[30] other speakers (especially better educated ones) make a distinction between /i/ and /ɪ/, /ɛ/ and /ɛə/, or /ɑ/ and /ʌ/. There is generally no distinction between the non-close front monophthongs, so pet and pat are pronounced the same/pɛt/.[31] At the acrolectal level, the merged vowel phonemes are distinguished to some extent, and for some speakers elements from American English are introduced, such as pre-consonantal [r] (pronouncing the "r" in bird, port, etc.).[32] This is caused by the popularity of American TV programming.[citation needed] Current estimates are that about 20 per cent of university undergraduates sometimes use this American-style pre-consonantal [r] when reading a passage.[33] -- wikipedia Singlish [/toggle]