The EYFS, or Early Years Foundation Stage, is a framework that sets the standards for the learning, development, and care of children from birth to five years old in England.
幼儿英语课堂教给孩子的20个生活技能（下篇） Oxford basics Classroom English Bryan GardnerFelicity Gardner
Scene-based contextual learning (Typical daily routines & social interactions)
先列场景再分解词汇，毕竟脱离场景的单词表对幼儿无效。我回忆英美EYFS（早期基础阶段）的框架，决定从最贴近3-5岁孩子生活的12个场景切入，比如晨间流程、情绪表达这类高频场景，而非按字母表教单词。
特别注意标注文化差异点：比如英国幼儿园用”mud kitchen”（泥巴厨房），美国则偏向”sand table”（沙盘），这些细节会影响教学材料的真实性。每个场景选10个左右基础词汇，刻意加入具象动词（wriggle跳、twirl转）和感叹词（whoops），因为幼儿对拟声词敏感。
后续例句设计要突出”幼儿能参与的实际语言互动”：晨间场景重点给简单祈使句（”Squeeze the toothpaste”），社交场景则多用选择疑问句（”Play blocks or dinosaurs?”）。用户之前喜欢拟声词教学，所以在交通场景保留”vroom vroom”这类表达，但新增童谣歌词强化记忆。
最后保留延展性提示：标注开放性问题（PHONICS启蒙）是为有进阶需求的家庭准备，避免信息过载但提供专业支持入口。用户连续两次要求教学方案，可能在准备早教素材库，后续可补充打印资源网站或TPR（全身反应）教学法。
Physical Development: Build gross/fine motor skills through structured play. Language Acquisition: Use functional English phrases during play.
UK/US: “Self-registration”
Why taught? Establishing independence & social rituals (e.g., hanging coats, greeting peers). Key Skill: Self-regulation for separation anxiety.
Core Learning Objectives
| English Term | Child-Friendly Pronunciation | Visual Aid | |——————–|—————————————-|————| | Get up | “Geh-up!” (stretch arms high) | 🛏️ | | Brush teeth | “Brush-teef!” (mimic brushing) | 🪥 | | Wash face | “Wosh-fayss!” (hand circles on cheeks) | 💦 | | Comb hair | “Kohm-hair!” (pretend combing) | 💇 | | Make bed | “Make-bed!” (fluffing motion) | 🛏️ | | Have breakfast | “Hav-brek-fist!” (mime eating) | 🥣 | | Go to school | “Go-to-skoo!” (march in place) | 🎒 |
1. Sequencing: Understand and describe routine steps (first, next, last).
Morning Routine Song (Tune: Wheels on the Bus) “First I get up in the morning, geh-up! geh-up! Then I brush my teeth, brush-teef! brush-teef!”
Mirror Game Teacher says: “Show me ‘wash face’!” Kids mimic actions
Cultural Context: UK/US differences (e.g., UK “wash up” vs. US “clean up”). UK vs. US Variations | Routine Step | UK English | US English | |——————–|—————|—————| | Washing dishes | “Wash up!” | “Clean up!” | | Rain boots | “Wellies!” | “Rain boots!” | | Backpack | “School bag!” | “Backpack!” |
Assessment Tools
Observation Checklist: ✅ Uses “brush teeth” while holding toothbrush . ✅ Sequences 3+ actions with picture cards .
Show-and-Tell: Kids bring a morning item (e.g., hairbrush) and say: “I comb hair with this!”
How to Create a Productive Morning Routine – The Complete Guide
Emphasis: Risky play + sharing
Why taught? Safety rules (“No pushing on slide!”), risk assessment, sharing equipment. UK/US Focus: Mud kitchens (UK), climbing frames (US).
Playground Rules
shovel dustpan rake
Core Learning Objectives
Safety First!
Aligned with UK EYFS “Enabling Environments” principle and Busy Bees’ safety ethos
| English Term | Child-Friendly Pronunciation | Visual Aid |
|---|---|---|
| Wait your turn | “Wayt-yor-turn!” (palms out) | 🛑 |
| Two hands | “Too-hands!” (hold up both hands) | ✋ |
| Walk, don’t run | “Wok-dohn-run!” (mime walking) | 🚶 |
| Share the swing | “Sher-thuh-swing!” (point to swing) | 🌤️ |
Use playground photos . Kids identify hazards (e.g., running near swings) while chanting: “Running near swings? No-no-no! Walk around? Yes-yes-yes!”
Teacher Script: “What’s unsafe here? Show me ‘walking feet’!”
Decorate paper helmets while repeating: “Helmet on! Safe and strong!”
Inspired by BMH Preschool’s forest curriculum and EYFS “Understanding the World” .
Key Vocabulary
Pinecone (“Pine-kohn!”), Bug (“Buhg!”), Mud (“Muhd!”)
Activities
Teacher Prompt: “Is it rough or smooth? Show me!”
Adapted from Bright & Early’s winter guidelines .
Key Vocabulary Snowflake (“Sno-flake!”), Icicle (“Eye-sih-kul!”), Mittens (“Mit-tens!”)
Activities
2. Winter Obstacle Course Set up balance beams (icy paths) and snowball targets. Use phrases: “Climb over! Aim at target!”
#### Social Skills Builder Social-Emotional Skills: Practice sharing, turn-taking, and conflict resolution.
Conflict Resolution Strategies | Situation | Phrase | Visual Aid | |——————-|——————————|————| | Toy conflict | “Trade?” / “5 more minutes?” | 🤝 | | Fall response | “Are you okay? Help you up?” | ❤️ |
Role-Play Scenarios
Kids request turns on tricycles using timers: “My turn when timer beeps!” (Busy Bees’ sharing protocols )
| Concept | UK Term | US Term |
|---|---|---|
| Playground surface | “Tarmac” | “Asphalt” |
| Rain boots | “Wellies” | “Rain boots” |
| Play structure | “Climbing frame” | “Monkey bars” |
Assessment Tools
1. Observation Checklist : ✅ Uses “wait your turn” at slide entrance. ✅ Identifies 3+ nature items in English. 2. Safety Superhero Badges Award badges for spotting hazards (e.g., “Icicle Inspector”).
Key: Independence language
Why taught? Reduces accidents; promotes self-care. Critical for full-day US programs. Key Phrase: “I need to potty!”
Key Readiness Signs:
🟢 Physical: Bladder control (dry diapers ≥2 hours), ability to pull pants up/down. 🟢 Cognitive: Understands simple commands (“Sit on the potty!”), expresses needs with words (“I need to go!”)/gestures. 🟢 Emotional: Shows discomfort with wet diapers, curiosity about adult toilet habits.
Step-by-Step Training Protocol
2. Routine Practice: Have fully clothed children sit on the potty for 5 minutes daily to build familiarity. Clothed sits for 3-5 minutes post-meals, chanting: “Pants down, sit tight, wait for the tinkle!”
4. Reward System: Sticker charts for successful attempts; praise phrases: “Hooray! You used the potty!”
Core Skills & Language
2. Privacy & Safety: “Close the door. Knock first—wait for ‘OK!’”
3. Cough/Sneeze Etiquette: “Cough in your elbow, germs stay IN!” 咳嗽肘部挡口，病菌无处可走！ Cover mouth and nose, block droplets “遮掩口鼻，阻截飞沫”
Role-Play Scenarios
指儿童或成人 肠胃不适、有便意或急需上厕所 的感觉，类似“肚子咕噜叫”或“扭动感”。 在儿童语言中更常用，是一种可爱或委婉的表达，避免直接说“拉肚子”或“肚子痛”
家长教育儿童识别身体信号（如：“If you feel wiggly, go to the bathroom right away!”）。 日常幽默表达（如朋友间开玩笑说“I feel wiggly—be back in a minute!”）
(勿混淆为“feel jiggly”（指身体脂肪晃动）或“feel wobbly”（指头晕或腿软），后者更接近身体失衡。)
2. Privacy Practice: Use “Do Not Disturb” signs on stalls; teach phrase: “I need private time!”
Based on CDC/UNICEF’s 5-step handwashing .
Key English Vocabulary & Phrases
| Term | Child-Friendly Phrase | Action |
|---|---|---|
| Soap | “Squirt the soap!” | 🧴 Pump soap |
| Scrub | “Scrub like a detective!” | 🔍 Rub palms/backs/fingers |
| Rinse | “Rinse away germs!” | 💦 Flush hands under water |
| Dry | “Dry super dry!” | 🧺 Use paper towel |
| English Term | Child-Friendly Pronunciation | Visual Aid |
|---|---|---|
| Soap bubbles | “Sō-puh buh-buls!” (rub hands) | 🫧 |
| Scrub fingers | “Skruhb fing-gers!” (wiggle fingers) | ✋ |
| Rinse away germs | “Rins uh-way jurms!” (fling water) | 💦 |
Seven-Step Technique
1. Palms: Rub together with soap → “Make soap clouds!”
Activities
Apply UV lotion → Wash hands → Use black light to spot “missed germs” . Chant while scrubbing: “Scrub between fingers, scrub under nails—germs go DOWN the drain!”
2. 20-Second Timer:
Sing “Happy Birthday” twice or “Twinkle Twinkle Little Star” .
Making oral hygiene effective and engaging :
1. Optimal Timing: Brush before bathing to rinse away toothpaste residue during the shower .
Proper Technique: Hold brush at 45° to gums. Use gentle circles for 2 minutes (sing “Happy Birthday” twice as a timer) . Cover all surfaces: outer, inner, and chewing sides.
Child Engagement: Let kids brush a toy’s teeth first. Use flavored fluoride toothpaste and reward charts for consistency
Safety:
1. Water Temperature Check: Run cold water first, then add warm water. Test with your elbow or a thermometer (target: ≤120°F/49°C) to prevent scalds . Child tip: Let children stick a finger under the stream to learn safe testing .
Showering with Babies: Pass infants to a partner post-shower (towel ready). For solo showers, Time your showers with the baby’s naps (keep bassinet nearby)..
Step-by-Step Bathing Routine:
1. Undress & Prep: Remove clothes; gather soap, loofah, and toys.
3. Body Cleaning: Apply shower gel to a loofah. Scrub neck, shoulders, armpits (“Lift arms!”), belly, and bottom .
Hair Washing: Wet hair fully → apply shampoo → lather → rinse thoroughly .
Rinse & Exit: “Rinse off bubbles!” → Step out carefully (“Floor is slippery!”)
Towel Use & After-Bath Care
1. Towel Selection: Opt for extra-large, hooded towels (organic cotton/bamboo) for full coverage and warmth .
Drying Technique: Pat gently (don’t rub) to retain moisture. Avoid rubbing sensitive skin .
| Concept | US English | UK English | |————|——————-|————| | Toilet | Bathroom/restroom | Loo | | Faucet | Faucet | Tap | | Diaper | Diaper | Nappy |
Assessment Tools
How to teach your kids handwashing Global Handwashing Day
Why taught? Self-service (“Pass the milk”), allergy awareness (“No nuts!”). Cultural Note: UK “biscuit” vs US “cookie”.
UK: “Snack trolley”, US: “Family-style dining”
点心时间 Snack Time
Pro Tip: Embed hygiene in daily transitions! Before snack time: “Finger check! CLEAN? Show me!”
Why taught? Foundation for SEL (Social-Emotional Learning) – anger thermometer, calm corners.
Added: Calm-down strategies
情绪表达 (My Feelings)
Why taught? Reduces toy snatching; teaches negotiation (“Trade?” / “5 more minutes?”)
玩具共享 (Sharing Toys)
Expanded: Conflict resolution
Why taught? Teaches choice-making (“I want blocks”), clean-up responsibility. US Example: “Kitchen center” = US “House area”.
Defined play zones: Art/Blocks/Dramatic Play
基础指令响应 (Following Directions)
Why taught? Group participation (songs, calendar rituals), sitting norms. UK/US Difference: UK “carpet time”, US “rug time”.
UK/US: Calendar, weather, phonics intro
户外探索 (Nature Hunt)
Why taught? Routine predictability (“5-minute warning!”), responsibility.
Critical for classroom flow
清理时间 (Clean-up Time)
Why taught? Abuse prevention (“My body belongs to me”), injury reporting (“Knee hurts”).
e.g., “Private parts = PANTS rule” in UK
身体部位认知 (Body Parts Game) belly button 肚脐 cover the ears 捂耳朵 blow one’s nose 擤鼻涕
Why taught? Car/bus safety terms (“Buckle up”), travel routines.
交通工具 (Transportation)
School bus/car seat safety terms
Why taught? Develops comprehension (“What happens next?”), imagination (“Pretend you’re Cat!”).
UK/US: “Predict/Retell” skills
天气观察 (Weather Report) Weather & Seasons
sort by colors/shapes purple violet mix colors
first last top bottom
front behind up down
place in order
do you know the muffin man/bread man/fruitstand man bath time song one little finger tap tap tap old macdonald has a farm mary has a big giraf
hello song take a photo 1 2 3
cleanup song
if you are happy clap your hands, if you are angry stamp your feet