关于ipv4可以参考《vm_env_network》
# 基础
https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/previous-versions/aa917150(v=msdn.10)?redirectedfrom=MSDN#address-space-allocation
http://www.steves-internet-guide.com/ipv6-guide/
The Google Public DNS IP addresses (IPv4) are as follows:
8.8.8.8
8.8.4.4
The Google Public DNS IPv6 addresses are as follows:
2001:4860:4860::8888
2001:4860:4860::8844
Great Feature: dual stack 只需要监听ipv6，同时可以通过ipv4访问了！ IPv6 only bound services accessible from IPv4 on dual stack Linux host: how does it work? https://serverfault.com/questions/992612/ipv6-only-bound-services-accessible-from-ipv4-on-dual-stack-linux-host-how-does?rq=1
# 路由器-宿主机-virtualbox
使用virtualbox的kali os在用gvm的时候，community的feed只能通过ipv6访问，没办法需要设置，初次使用ipv6，没有经验，只好一点点排查
# 虚拟机初诊
root@kali:/home/lyhistory# ifconfig
eth0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
inet 192.168.0.109 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.0.255
inet6 fe80::a00:27ff:febf:e259 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link>
ether 08:00:27:bf:e2:59 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
RX packets 24570460 bytes 17931282838 (16.6 GiB)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 26028492 bytes 3906774798 (3.6 GiB)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
lo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING> mtu 65536
inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 255.0.0.0
inet6 ::1 prefixlen 128 scopeid 0x10<host>
loop txqueuelen 1000 (Local Loopback)
RX packets 921143 bytes 586075462 (558.9 MiB)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 921143 bytes 586075462 (558.9 MiB)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
上面默认只有一个 link类型的ipv6，后来知道需要一个global的才行，所以肯定ping不通：
root@kali:/home/lyhistory# ping6 ipv6.google.com
ping6: connect: Network is unreachable
root@kali:/home/lyhistory# traceroute ipv6.google.com
traceroute to ipv6.google.com (2404:6800:4003:c04::65), 30 hops max, 80 byte packets
connect: Network is unreachable
看看路由信息：
root@kali:/home/lyhistory# ip -6 route show
::1 dev lo proto kernel metric 256 pref medium
fe80::/64 dev eth0 proto kernel metric 256 pref medium
可以看到路由都是在本地，一个localhost，一个link网关，没有到宿主机上的
root@kali:/home/lyhistory# route -6
Kernel IPv6 routing table
Destination Next Hop Flag Met Ref Use If
localhost/128 [::] U 256 1 0 lo
fe80::/64 [::] U 256 1 0 eth0
[::]/0 [::] !n -1 1 0 lo
localhost/128 [::] Un 0 4 0 lo
fe80::a00:27ff:febf:e259/128 [::] Un 0 2 0 eth0
ff00::/8 [::] U 256 2 0 eth0
[::]/0 [::] !n -1 1 0 lo
# 宿主机诊断
发现宿主机也就是我的win10的ipv6都不工作，所以vm自然更不工作
Wireless LAN adapter Wi-Fi:
Connection-specific DNS Suffix . :
Description . . . . . . . . . . . : Intel(R) Dual Band Wireless-AC 8265
Physical Address. . . . . . . . . : 00-28-F8-22-E9-5D
DHCP Enabled. . . . . . . . . . . : Yes
Autoconfiguration Enabled . . . . : Yes
Link-local IPv6 Address . . . . . : fe80::61e4:8e32:fb58:74a4%26(Preferred)
IPv4 Address. . . . . . . . . . . : 192.168.0.141(Preferred)
Subnet Mask . . . . . . . . . . . : 255.255.255.0
Lease Obtained. . . . . . . . . . : Tuesday, 17 November 2020 10:59:55 AM
Lease Expires . . . . . . . . . . : Tuesday, 24 November 2020 10:59:54 AM
Default Gateway . . . . . . . . . : 192.168.0.1
DHCP Server . . . . . . . . . . . : 192.168.0.1
DHCPv6 IAID . . . . . . . . . . . : 134228216
DHCPv6 Client DUID. . . . . . . . : 00-01-00-01-21-C8-05-55-00-28-F8-22-E9-5D
DNS Servers . . . . . . . . . . . : 172.17.5.36
172.17.5.4
NetBIOS over Tcpip. . . . . . . . : Enabled
这里也只是有一个link-local地址
首先确定下是否开启了ipv6协议：
Control Panel\Network and Internet\Network Connections找到wifi右键属性
确实看到已经开启了"Internet协议版本6(TCP/IPV6)"
但是不管是检测还是ping都是提示“windows Ping request could not find host ipv6.google.com”
找到两种方法修复windows的ipv6
基于Teredo隧道开启IPv6和手动用netsh命令开启：
首先尝试基于Teredo隧道开启IPv6
// 设置 Teredo 服务器，默认为：win10.ipv6.microsoft.com
netsh interface teredo set state enterpriseclient server=default
// 重置 IPv6 配置：netsh interface ipv6 reset
出现一个新的伪网卡：
Tunnel adapter Teredo Tunneling Pseudo-Interface:
Connection-specific DNS Suffix . :
Description . . . . . . . . . . . : Microsoft Teredo Tunneling Adapter
Physical Address. . . . . . . . . : 00-00-00-00-00-00-00-E0
DHCP Enabled. . . . . . . . . . . : No
Autoconfiguration Enabled . . . . : Yes
IPv6 Address. . . . . . . . . . . : 2001:0:2851:fcb0:85f:f5d:9a80:bd5b(Preferred)
Link-local IPv6 Address . . . . . : fe80::85f:f5d:9a80:bd5b%18(Preferred)
Default Gateway . . . . . . . . . : ::
DHCPv6 IAID . . . . . . . . . . . : 301989888
DHCPv6 Client DUID. . . . . . . . : 00-01-00-01-21-C8-05-55-00-28-F8-22-E9-5D
NetBIOS over Tcpip. . . . . . . . : Disabled
// 测试 IPv6 连接
ping -6 ipv6.test-ipv6.com
但是无法ping通，但是至少可以resolve了：
Pinging ipv6.test-ipv6.com [2001:470:1:18::115] with 32 bytes of data:
Request timed out.
然后看看另一种手动方式：
正常开启cmd 输入 netsh
netsh>int
netsh>interface>ipv6
netsh>interface>ipv6>isatap
netsh>interface>ipv6>isatap>set router xxxxxxx(xxxxxx用本地网络ipv6路由地址替代)
netsh>interface>ipv6>isatap>set state enabled
netsh>interface>ipv6>isatap>quit
但是这里说的本地网络ipv6路由地址怎么看，貌似要去路由器里面看
# 路由器设置
所以最后想到路由器，根据路由器型号google：dlink868L ipv6 setting，发现原来路由器这里并没有开启ipv6！
https://www.dlink.com.sg/dir-868l-how-to-enable-ipv6-starhub/
Setup -> IPv6
步骤少了：from section "MANUAL IPV6 INTERNET CONNECTION SETUP", click "Manual IPv6 Internet Connection Setup"
Select Autoconfiguration (SLAAC / DHCPv6) from the drop down list as shown.
Click on Save Settings.
设置后，路由器参数：
勾选状态：Obtain IPv6 DNS Servers automatically
未勾选：Use the following IPv6 DNS Servers
Primary DNS Server:2404:e800:3:5::4
Secondary DNS Server:2404:e800:3:3::36
勾选状态：Enable DHCP-PD
LAN IPv6 Address:2404:e801:2001:15cc:12be:f5ff:fe23:ff84 /64
LAN IPv6 Link-Local Address:fe80::12be:f5ff:fe23:ff84 /64
勾选状态：Enable Automatic IPv6 address assignment和Enable Automatic DHCP-PD in LAN
重启电脑后终于成功了！
C:\WINDOWS\system32>ping -6 ipv6.google.com
Pinging ipv6.l.google.com [2404:6800:4003:c03::64] with 32 bytes of data:
Reply from 2404:6800:4003:c03::64: time=5ms
再来看下宿主机的网卡信息：
Wireless LAN adapter Wi-Fi:
Connection-specific DNS Suffix . :
Description . . . . . . . . . . . : Intel(R) Dual Band Wireless-AC 8265
Physical Address. . . . . . . . . : 00-28-F8-22-E9-5D
DHCP Enabled. . . . . . . . . . . : Yes
Autoconfiguration Enabled . . . . : Yes
IPv6 Address. . . . . . . . . . . : 2404:e801:2001:15cc:61e4:8e32:fb58:74a4(Preferred)
Temporary IPv6 Address. . . . . . : 2404:e801:2001:15cc:50a0:58ff:5929:498f(Preferred)
Link-local IPv6 Address . . . . . : fe80::61e4:8e32:fb58:74a4%26(Preferred)
IPv4 Address. . . . . . . . . . . : 192.168.0.141(Preferred)
Subnet Mask . . . . . . . . . . . : 255.255.255.0
Lease Obtained. . . . . . . . . . : Wednesday, 9 December 2020 8:37:52 AM
Lease Expires . . . . . . . . . . : Wednesday, 16 December 2020 8:37:31 AM
Default Gateway . . . . . . . . . : fe80::12be:f5ff:fe23:ff84%26
192.168.0.1
DHCP Server . . . . . . . . . . . : 192.168.0.1
DHCPv6 IAID . . . . . . . . . . . : 134228216
DHCPv6 Client DUID. . . . . . . . : 00-01-00-01-21-C8-05-55-00-28-F8-22-E9-5D
DNS Servers . . . . . . . . . . . : 2404:e800:3:5::4
2404:e800:3:3::36
172.17.5.36
172.17.5.4
2404:e800:3:5::4
2404:e800:3:3::36
NetBIOS over Tcpip. . . . . . . . : Enabled
跟前面对比，多了：
IPv6 Address / Temporary IPv6 Address / Default Gateway / DNS Servers
再看看路由信息：
IPv6 Route Table
===========================================================================
Active Routes:
If Metric Network Destination Gateway
26 306 ::/0 fe80::12be:f5ff:fe23:ff84
26 306 2404:e801:2001:15cc::/64 On-link
26 306 2404:e801:2001:15cc:61e4:8e32:fb58:74a4/128
On-link
26 306 2404:e801:2001:15cc:6de3:d30a:6465:2a2f/128
26 306 fe80::/64 On-link
26 306 fe80::61e4:8e32:fb58:74a4/128
On-link
26 306 ff00::/8 On-link
发现这个26应该就是对应前面的那个%26
不过发现现在
ping google.com也直接是用ipv6了
当然可以调整，让ipv4优先 prefer ipv4 over ipv6：
C:\WINDOWS\system32>netsh interface ipv6 show prefixpolicies
Querying active state...
Precedence Label Prefix
---------- ----- --------------------------------
50 0 ::1/128
40 1 ::/0
35 4 ::ffff:0:0/96
30 2 2002::/16
5 5 2001::/32
3 13 fc00::/7
1 11 fec0::/10
1 12 3ffe::/16
1 3 ::/96
https://superuser.com/questions/436574/ipv4-vs-ipv6-priority-in-windows-7
# 回到virtualbox
vim /etc/network/interfaces
iface eth0 inet6 dhcp
lyhistory@kali:~$ ifconfig
eth0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
inet 192.168.0.109 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.0.255
inet6 fe80::a00:27ff:febf:e259 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link>
inet6 2404:e801:2001:15cc:a00:27ff:febf:e259 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x0<global>
ether 08:00:27:bf:e2:59 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
RX packets 1663 bytes 254846 (248.8 KiB)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 1248 bytes 141779 (138.4 KiB)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
lo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING> mtu 65536
inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 255.0.0.0
inet6 ::1 prefixlen 128 scopeid 0x10<host>
loop txqueuelen 1000 (Local Loopback)
RX packets 18 bytes 918 (918.0 B)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 18 bytes 918 (918.0 B)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
可以看到多了个global的2404:e801:2001:15cc
但是仍然无法ping通，看来dhcp还是有点问题，之前ipv4 也遇过类似问题，基本上是缺少gateway，通过设置静态ip解决
iface eth0 inet6 static
address 2404:e801:2001:15cc:a00:27ff:febf:e259
netmask 64
gateway fe80::12be:f5ff:fe23:ff84%26 这里的%26坑死我了，https://superuser.com/questions/99746/why-is-there-a-percent-sign-in-the-ipv6-address，前面也指出了26就是route里面的If列
ifup eth0出错：
RTNETLINK answers: File exists
原因参考讨论：https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/100588/using-ip-addr-instead-of-ifconfig-reports-rtnetlink-answers-file-exists-on-de
解决方法是：
ip addr flush dev eth0 貌似只刷ipv4
ip -6 addr flush dev eth0 刷ipv6
root@kali:/home/lyhistory# ip -6 addr
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 state UNKNOWN qlen 1000
inet6 ::1/128 scope host
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 state UP qlen 1000
inet6 2404:e801:2001:15cc:a00:27ff:febf:e259/64 scope global
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
通过flush这一折腾
执行ifup eth0 又出错： Could not get a link-local address
貌似前面的 link address：fe80::a00:27ff:febf:e259 没有了
然后将static改成 iface eth0 inet6 dhcp
重启机器，又回来了
后来查到可以通过命令手动添加：ip address add dev eth0 scope link fe80::a00:27ff:febf:e259/64
/etc/init.d/networking status 依然停止状态，试着将ipv6的静态ip设置注释掉，
ip addr flush dev eth0
ifup eth0
/etc/init.d/networking restart 成功！
然后试着将ipv4静态ip设置注释掉，开启ipv6静态ip是
root@kali:/home/lyhistory# ifup eth0
Error: inet6 address is expected rather than "fe80::12be:f5ff:fe23:ff84%26".
ifup: failed to bring up eth0
这里终于给出真正原因了，就是%26的原因，修改静态ip设置，去除gateway后面的这个%26，并开启ipv4的静态ip设置，再试：
root@kali:/home/lyhistory# ifdown eth0
RTNETLINK answers: No such process
RTNETLINK answers: Cannot assign requested address
RTNETLINK answers: No such process
RTNETLINK answers: Cannot assign requested address
root@kali:/home/lyhistory# ifup eth0
Waiting for DAD... Done
root@kali:/home/lyhistory# ifconfig
eth0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
inet 192.168.0.109 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.0.255
inet6 fe80::a00:27ff:febf:e259 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link>
inet6 2404:e801:2001:15cc:a00:27ff:febf:e259 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x0<global>
ether 08:00:27:bf:e2:59 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
RX packets 6276 bytes 1036194 (1011.9 KiB)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 131 bytes 11424 (11.1 KiB)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
lo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING> mtu 65536
inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 255.0.0.0
inet6 ::1 prefixlen 128 scopeid 0x10<host>
loop txqueuelen 1000 (Local Loopback)
RX packets 24 bytes 1152 (1.1 KiB)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 24 bytes 1152 (1.1 KiB)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
然后设置DNS:
vim /etc/resolv.conf
添加 2001:4860:4860::8888
root@kali:/home/lyhistory# ping6 ipv6.google.com
PING ipv6.google.com(2404:6800:4003:c04::8a (2404:6800:4003:c04::8a)) 56 data bytes
64 bytes from 2404:6800:4003:c04::8a (2404:6800:4003:c04::8a): icmp_seq=1 ttl=107 time=9.67 ms
成功了！
root@kali:/home/lyhistory# ip -6 route
::1 dev lo proto kernel metric 256 pref medium
2404:e801:2001:15cc::/64 dev eth0 proto kernel metric 256 pref medium
fe80::/64 dev eth0 proto kernel metric 256 pref medium
default via fe80::12be:f5ff:fe23:ff84 dev eth0 metric 1024 onlink pref medium
可以看到这里多了一个到宿主机的网关路由2404:e801:2001:15cc::/64
root@kali:/home/lyhistory# route -6
Kernel IPv6 routing table
Destination Next Hop Flag Met Ref Use If
localhost/128 [::] U 256 2 0 lo
2404:e801:2001:15cc::/64 [::] U 256 1 0 eth0
fe80::/64 [::] U 256 1 0 eth0
[::]/0 fe80::12be:f5ff:fe23:ff84 UGH 1024 3 0 eth0
localhost/128 [::] Un 0 5 0 lo
2404:e801:2001:15cc:a00:27ff:febf:e259/128 [::] Un 0 4 0 eth0
fe80::a00:27ff:febf:e259/128 [::] Un 0 3 0 eth0
ff00::/8 [::] U 256 3 0 eth0
[::]/0 [::] !n -1 1 0 lo
当然还有命令行可以添加gateway和route，没有尝试：
The following CLI command configures the IPv6 default gateway.
#ipv6 default-gateway <ipv6-address> <cost>
The following CLI command configures static IPv6 routes.
#ipv6 route <ipv6-prefix/prefix-length> <ipv6-next-hop> <cost> <ipv6-next-hop> = X:X:X:X::X
参考：
https://www.365jz.com/article/24427
https://blog.csdn.net/Dzjian_/article/details/79886454
https://forums.he.net/index.php?topic=3489.0
静态ipv6
https://blog.csdn.net/aliaichidantong/article/details/102637413
https://blog.csdn.net/tjhon/article/details/12499329
https://blog.csdn.net/aliaichidantong/article/details/101208299
ipv6排错：
https://ssygw.com/91.html
https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/128933023
vim /etc/sysctl.conf
net.ipv6.conf.all.forwarding=1