Varities
Blanc 白葡萄酒
Riesling 雷司令/麗絲玲
麗絲玲 是起源於萊茵河地區的白葡萄品種，具有香氣和高酸度，用於釀造乾型、半甜型、甜型和氣泡白葡萄酒。麗絲玲葡萄酒通常品種純正，很少經過橡木桶陳釀。就優質葡萄酒而言，麗絲玲被列入前三名的類型，與夏多內和白蘇維翁葡萄酒並列。麗絲玲受評價為具有高度「風土表現力」，這也意味其特性受到酒產地的影響很大
Pinot gris 灰皮諾
灰皮諾（Pinot Grigio）或葡萄（Grauburgunder）是葡萄品種Vitis vinifera的白葡萄品種。被認為是黑皮諾品種的突變克隆，它通常有灰藍色的果實，這就是它的名字，但葡萄的外觀可以是棕粉色到黑色甚至白色。
sauvignon blanc 长相思/白蘇維濃
长相思/白蘇維濃是一種綠皮葡萄品種，源自於法國的波爾多地區。葡萄名稱最有可能得名於法語單詞 Sauvage和 Blanc，由於其早期的起源在法國西南部。白蘇維濃葡萄可以種植在世界上的許多葡萄酒地區，廣泛種植在法國，智利、加拿大、澳大利亞、紐西蘭、南非、巴西、摩爾多瓦和加利福尼亞，與夏多內成為最廣泛釀造的白葡萄酒。
chardonnay 霞多丽
夏多內，是一種綠皮葡萄品種，用以生產白葡萄酒，品種起源於法國東部的勃艮第葡萄酒產區，但現在普及至各地，從英國到紐西蘭等葡萄酒產地都有種植。因此號稱葡萄皇后，可釀造變化多端的白葡萄酒。對於新興發展的葡萄酒產區，生產夏多內葡萄酒被視為進入國際葡萄酒市場的必要且相對容易的途徑。
Red 红葡萄酒
cabernet sauvignon 赤霞珠
赤霞珠，也譯作卡本內蘇維翁、卡本內蘇維濃、加本納，是一種主要用於釀造葡萄酒的釀酒葡萄，與白葡萄酒使用的夏多內同為世界上最為廣泛栽培的葡萄品種 。 卡本內蘇維濃屬釀酒葡萄，原產於法國波爾多。它是由法國西南部在17世紀無意中培育的，其親本為卡本內弗朗以及白蘇維濃。
Cabernet Franc 品丽珠
Cabernet Franc （品丽珠）与Cabernet Sauvignon（赤霞珠）有些相似，但是酸度较低，单宁含量少，可以酿造出味道柔和的葡萄酒。很多时候在波尔多地区，Cabernet Sauvignon比Cabernet Franc 更出名些，但在卢瓦尔地区，以Cabernet Franc 为主要原料酿造出的“契农”(Chinon)、 “索缪尔香槟”(SaumurChampagne)等葡萄酒十分著名
pinot noir 黑皮諾
黑皮諾，亦稱黑比諾、黑品樂，是用來釀造紅葡萄酒的釀酒葡萄的一個亞種，也可用於釀造香檳酒、氣泡酒等。法國勃根地釀造的黑皮諾是世界上均價最高的葡萄酒。著名的DRC羅曼尼·康帝也是用黑皮諾釀造。
zinfandel 仙粉黛
仙粉黛是各種黑皮釀酒葡萄。該品種在超過10％的加利福尼亞葡萄園中種植。
syrah/Shiraz 希哈
西拉葡萄簡稱西拉，也叫做西拉子、設拉子。是一個被廣泛種植的釀酒葡萄品種，歐亞種，其廣泛程度可能只有梅洛葡萄和卡本內蘇維濃能與其相比。其釀造的葡萄酒，風味與香氣跟氣候、土壤、熟成時間等因素有很大關係，但是通常具有紫羅蘭、黑莓、巧克力、咖啡以及黑胡椒氣息，陳釀後出現皮革、松露氣息。
Merlot 梅洛
梅洛，也稱作美露、美樂或梅鹿輒，香港慣稱為梅鹿，是一種釀酒葡萄。起源地是法國波爾多右岸，是法國最為廣泛種植的葡萄品種，也是波爾多種植面積最廣的品種。單品種梅洛釀的葡萄酒，通常有絲絨般柔和的口感，具有梅子氣息，其陳釀成熟速度快於卡本內蘇維濃。在義大利、瑞士、美國、南非、阿根廷、中國皆有種植
tempranillo 丹魄
可能是全世界“昵称”最多的一个葡萄品种—Aragones，Tinto fino， Tinto del país， Tinta de Toro， Tinto de Madrid， Tinta Roriz 和Cencibel都是她的小名。在加泰罗尼亚当地被称为“Ull de Llebre”（野兔的眼睛）。从丹魄的原意分析，Temprano有“早熟”之意，后缀“–illo”是“小”的意思，整个单词之意为早熟的小葡萄。皮厚，所酿的酒色深，久贮色泽依旧，酒精度不高，有果味，酸度不高，有的具有香料和红果的味道。
Sparking
Muscat / Moscato / Moscatel 莫斯卡托
麝香葡萄，也譯作玫瑰香葡萄是釀酒葡萄的一大家族，包括多個葡萄品種。多用於釀酒，也非常適合生食。麝香葡萄在全球範圍廣泛種植，顏色從白色到黑色不等，並帶有濃郁的甜美花果香氣。麝香葡萄品種的廣度和數量表明其有可能是歷史最悠久的葡萄品種。有研究認為大多數釀酒葡萄品種都是由麝香葡萄演化而來的。
Blends
波尔多 香槟 https://winefolly.com/tips/famous-wine-blends/
styles
https://winefolly.com/deep-dive/everything-you-need-to-know-about-wine-in-9-bottles/
Taste Rating
app: sommelier test
- Fruit
- Body
- Sweetness
- Alcohol
- Tannin
- Acidity
wine legs
Tears of Wine, droplets
High alcohol wines collect a higher density of droplets on the sides of the glass than low alcohol wines
Sweeter wines are more viscous the tears will flow slower down the sides of a glass.
classification
- Still Wines are wines that are bottled right after the fermentation process
- Sparking Wines wines are processed through double fermentation to achieve carbon dioxide trapped insde the bottle
- Fortified are wines where distilled grap spirits is added during or after the fermentation
- Aromatized are fortified wines that have aromatic ingredients added
Words Origin
”Sauvignon” 在法文的意思為「野生」，而“Blanc”就是白的意思
Others
橡木塞种类
原木 人工 高分子
todo
Bacis:
Key words:
Blanc 白
vineyard
dry wine sweet wine sparkling wine
Aroma
Acidity
Oxidized
Tannins
cork
Varieties
Barbera-巴贝拉
Chardonnay （霞多丽）
Cabernet Sauvignoon（赤霞珠）
Grenache 歌海娜 Mataro 马塔罗
merlot（梅洛）
Malbec （马尔贝克） negroamaro 黑曼罗 pinot（皮诺） noir(黑） Shiraz 设拉子
Regions
Old world:
Italy salento tinazzi
France bordeaux
New world:
Australia Barossa
Wine map:
https://winefolly.com/update/download-wine-maps/
Lecture 14 – Alcohol and You
Wine gears
Wine flask
https://www.amazon.com/Hydro-Flask-Insulated-Stainless-Stemless/dp/B0744RCT77/ref=sr_1_4?ie=UTF8\&qid=1539425874\&sr=8-4\&keywords=wine+flask
https://www.amazon.com/Hydro-Flask-Double-Insulated-Stainless/dp/B0744RHFP3/ref=sr_1_9?ie=UTF8\&qid=1539425874\&sr=8-9\&keywords=wine+flask
https://www.amazon.com/Cork-Pops-Nicholas-Portside-Flask/dp/B001CRC2U6/ref=pd_sim_79_11?_encoding=UTF8\&pd_rd_i=B001CRC2U6\&pd_rd_r=c5380710-ced1-11e8-9fea-e722222b4194\&pd_rd_w=gJDqh\&pd_rd_wg=A7CSh\&pf_rd_i=desktop-dp-sims\&pf_rd_m=ATVPDKIKX0DER\&pf_rd_p=18bb0b78-4200-49b9-ac91-f141d61a1780\&pf_rd_r=QG971DG0PXPT3YHG42N9\&pf_rd_s=desktop-dp-sims\&pf_rd_t=40701\&psc=1\&refRID=QG971DG0PXPT3YHG42N9
Lining : plastic?
Vacuum cork / wine stopper/ Preserver
Stainless Steel Wine Glass Wine Tasting Goblet
https://www.amazon.com/Hydro-Flask-Insulated-Stainless-Stemless/dp/B0744RCT77/ref=sr_1_4?ie=UTF8\&qid=1539425874\&sr=8-4\&keywords=wine+flask
Liquor Spirit Flow Wine Bottle Pour Spout
sommelier train kit
Training
Wine Tasting Placemats https://winefolly.com/tutorial/wine-placemats/
Wine Aroma Kit
https://winefolly.com/tutorial/make-wine-aroma-kit-30/
Strawberry 是草莓；
Raspberry 是树莓；
Cranberry 是小红莓；
Blueberry 是蓝莓；
Blackberry 是黑莓；
Gooseberry 是鹅莓；
Mulberry 是桑葚；
kiwi fruit 是猕猴桃
Spices
Anise 茴芹
Associated with several medium bodied wines such as Barbera and Zinfandel
Oregano 牛至
A classic ‘cool climate’ aroma familiar to wines from Tuscany and Bordeaux, among others
Black Peppercorn (Tellicherry, if you can)
A particularly strong characteristic found in Cabernet Sauvignon and Mourvedre although noted in several other bolder red wine varieties.
Vanilla 香子兰，香草; 香子兰荚
Oak characteristic. Found with wines that have been aged in French and Hungarian oak.
Nutmeg 肉豆蔻
Oak characteristic.
Dill 小茴香
Oak characteristic. When you smell Dried Dill it sometimes comes across as coconut. Commonly found in wines aged with American Oak.
White Pepper (optional)
Black Cardamom (optional) 草果 小豆蔻
An aroma that is strangely similar to Brettanomyces or ‘Brett’ which is an earthy-smelling yeast that affects many Old World regions such as Côtes du Rhône and even some wineries in Napa
Allspice 多香果
Oak characteristic but if you really sniff this it has a similar note to “Volatile Acidity” which is a fault in wine.
Other
Dried Mushrooms
A very earthy smell often associated with the Pinot Noirs of Burgundy. Sometimes called “Baby Diaper”
Dirt
The ‘earth’ element often called out on many Italian and Spanish red wines.
Dried Tobacco (optional)
Cedar Chips (optional) 雪松; 香柏; 香椿; 西洋杉
Pinot Noir
https://winefolly.com/pinot-noir/
https://winefolly.com/review/pinot-noir-wine-facts/
Wine note
Old world
New world
Australia
Lindeman’s 1843
Cabernet sauvignon 2017
Alcohol 13.5
Tannin mid
Acid light
Suger min
Body
Sauvignon blanc
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sauvignon_blanc
Cabernet Sauvignon
Italy wine
Cantina di Venosa
Chile Maipo Valley Wine
桑德洛 卡蜜尼耶 sendero carmenere
Carménère wine has a deep red color and aromas found in red fruits, spices and berries.[1] The tannins are gentler and softer than those in Cabernet Sauvignon and it is a medium body wine.[24] As a result many find it can be drunk easily with fish. Although mostly used as a blending grape, wineries do bottle a pure varietal Carménère which, when produced from grapes at optimal ripeness, imparts a cherry-like, fruity flavor with smoky, spicy and earthy notes and a deep crimson color. Its taste might also be reminiscent of dark chocolate, tobacco, and leather. The wine is best to drink while it is young.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carménère
Wolf Blass Eaglehawk
Blackberry, spice and mint aroma with blackcurrant ˈblækˌkʌrənt and mocha oak flavours on the palate
carbernet merlot french cellars 2015
an elegant, well balanced cabernet sauvignon and merlot blend subtly combing fruit and spicy flavours with silky tannies on the finish, wonderful with Asian and western meat dishes, pasta but delicious on its own too.
https://www.thefrenchcellar.sg/whats-difference-cabernet-sauvignon-merlot/
http://www.wine-searcher.com/
https://www.winentaste.com/
Colborne Bota wine bag
http://dajia.qq.com/original/category/cmh161202.html
https://luxebeatmag.com/wine-folly-essential-guide-wine/
https://shop.winefolly.com/products/the-essential-guide-to-wine
https://winefolly.com/review/the-wine-tasting-method-video/
<<the world atlas of wine >>
<<林裕森的葡萄酒饮记>>
庞大葡萄酒世界：10组对比品鉴助你快速学习葡萄酒 https://www.baidu.com/home/news/data/newspage?nid=14312474908004988314\&n_type=0\&p_from=1\&dtype=-1
course:
https://www.coursera.org/learn/wine
https://www.edx.org/course/world-wine-grape-glass-adelaidex-wine101x-2
https://www.openlearning.com/courses/IntroductionToWines
https://winefolly.com/review/sauvignon-blanc-wine-taste-food-pairing/